The evaluation and treatment of cyclodialysis clefts_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

ZouHui , WangChenguang , NieLili , ZhaoJinsong , SuGuanfang ,  LiuZaoxia

Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;

Corresponding author：

LiuZaoxia, Email: liuliu15898@sina.com

Keywords：

Ciliary body/injuries; Ciliary body/surgery; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.029

Video：

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The cyclodialysis cleft is a rare disease characterized by ocular hypotony and vision loss. Gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are used to evaluate the cleft before treatment. The evaluation of cyclodialysis clefts provide a basis for the selection of treatment and the evaluation of effect. Current popular therapeutic approaches for cyclodialysis clefts include medical management, laser photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy, cryotherapy, cyclopexy and so on. Medical treatment is effective in small-size cyclodialysis cleft. But the indications and course of medical treatment remains controversial. Although laser photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy and cryotherapy are effective to treat cyclodialysis clefts in some cases, there are some risks, such as ocular damage, uncertainty about the effect and so on. Cyclopexy is the principal method for cyclodialysis clefts that failed to respond to conservative management, including extraocular cyclopexy, intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic. The modified cyclopexy is effective which reduces the surgical risk. For keeping the lens, intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic are not suitable. Vitrectomy combined with other method for cyclodialysis is effective for cyclodialysis clefts which combined with serious posterior segment damage.

Citation： ZouHui, WangChenguang, NieLili, ZhaoJinsong, SuGuanfang, LiuZaoxia. The evaluation and treatment of cyclodialysis clefts. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2016, 32(3): 334-338. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.029 Copy

1.	Kaushik S, Arya SK, Kochhar S.Cyclodialysis cleft diagnosed by conventional ultrasonography[J].Ophthalmic Surg Lasers, 2000, 31(4):346-349.
2.	Mateo-Montoya A, Dreifuss S.Anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a diagnostic tool for cyclodialysis clefts[J].Arch Ophthalmol, 2009, 127(1):109-110. DOI:10.1001/archophthalmol.2008.561.
3.	Nolan W.Anterior segment imaging:ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography[J].Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2008, 19(2):115-121. DOI:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f40bba.
4.	Trikha S, Turnbull A, Agrawal S, et al.Management challenges arising from a traumatic 360 degree cyclodialysis cleft[J].Clin Ophthalmol, 2012, 6:257-260. DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S29123.
5.	方一惟, 赵蓉, 许艺民, 等.挫伤性睫状体解离直接透巩膜缝合术临床观察[J].眼科新进展, 2007, 27(11):845-846.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5141.2007.11.014.Fang YW, Zhao R, Xu YM, et al.Evaluation on direct suturing with penetrating through sclera for treatment of contusion cyclodialysis[J].Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2007, 27(11):845-846.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5141.2007.11.014.
6.	Ioannidis AS, Barton K.Cyclodialysis cleft:causes and repair[J].Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2010, 21(2):150-154.DOI:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283366a4d.
7.	赵宁, 张瑞君, 冯浩, 等.UBM指导下眼挫伤睫状体脱离缝合术的应用[J].国际眼科杂志, 2012, 12(9):1731-1733.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.09.39.Zhao N, Zhang RJ, Feng H, et al.Application of suturing contusion cyclodialysis cleft under ultrasound biomicroscopic[J].Int Eye Sci, 2012, 12(9):1731-1733. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.09.39.
8.	Murta F, Mitne S, Allemann N, et al.Direct cyclopexy surgery for post-traumatic cyclodialysis with persistent hypotony:ultrasound biomicroscopic evaluation[J]. Arq Bras Oftalmol, 2014, 77(1):50-53.
9.	Aminlari A, Callahan CE.Medical, laser, and surgical management of inadvertent cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony[J].Arch Ophthalmol, 2004, 122(3):399-404.
10.	Burés-Jelstrup A, Navarro R, Mateo C, et al.Detection of ciliary body detachment with anterior segment optical coherence tomography[J].Acta Ophthalmol, 2008, 86(7):810-811.DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01130.x.
11.	Kumar M, Kesarwani S.Post-traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with hypotonic maculopathy[J].Clin Exp Optom, 2011, 94(5):481-483.DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00599.x.
12.	Kahawita S, Cugati S, Casson R.Cyclodialysis cleft with late hypotony maculopathy after inadvertent cannula detachment during cataract surgery[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 2015, 41(5):1107-1108. DOI:10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.04.002.
13.	Romano MR, Vinciguerra R, Randazzo A, et al.Management of cyclodialysis cleft associated to hypotonic maculopathy[J].Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(3):1023-1024.DOI:10.1007/s00417-012-2048-y.
14.	Han JC, Kwun YK, Cho SH, et al.Long-term outcomes of argon laser photocoagulation in small size cyclodialysis cleft[J].BMC Ophthalmol, 2015, 24(15):123.DOI:10.1186/s12886-015-01130.
15.	Amini H, Razeghinejad MR.Transscleral diode laser therapy for cyclodialysis cleft induced hypotony[J].Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 2005, 33(4):348-350.
16.	Brooks AM, Troski M, Gillies WE.Noninvasive closure of a persistent cyclodialysis cleft[J].Ophthalmology, 1996, 103(11):1943-1945.
17.	Cerio-Ramsden CD, Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Rebolleda G.Post-traumatic cyclodialysis cleft treated with transscleral diode laser[J].Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol, 2009, 84(1):47-50.
18.	Caronia RM, Sturm RT, Marmor MA, et al.Treatment of a cyclodialysis cleft by means of ophthalmic laser microendoscope endophotocoagulation[J].Am J Ophthalmol, 1999, 128(6):760-761.
19.	Ormerod LD, Baerveldt G, Sunalp MA, et al.Management of the hypotonous cyclodialysis cleft[J].Ophthalmology, 1991, 98:1384-1393.
20.	Agrawal P, Shah P.Long-term outcomes following the surgical repair of traumatic cyclodialysis clefts[J].Eye (Lond), 2013, 27(12):1347-1352. DOI:10.1038/eye.2013.183.
21.	Pinheiro-Costa J, Melo AB, Carneiro ÂM, et al.Cyclodialysis cleft treatment using a minimally invasive technique[J]. Case Rep Ophthalmol, 2015, 6(1):66-70. DOI:10.1159/000375442.
22.	Ceruti P, Tosi R, Marchini G.Gas tamponade and cyclocryotherapy of a chronic cyclodialysis cleft[J].Br J Ophthalmol, 2009, 93(3):414-416. DOI:10.1136/bjo.2008.146266.
23.	刘芳.玻璃体切除联合不同睫状体复位术式的疗效观察[J].国际眼科杂志, 2016, 16(3):502-504.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.26.Liu F.Observation on the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with different surgical methods for cyclodialysis[J].Int Eye Sci, 2016, 16(3):502-504. DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.26.
24.	Hwang JM, Ahn K, Kim C, et al.Ultrasonic biomicroscopic evaluation of cyclodialysis before and after direct cyclopexy[J].Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(9):1222-1225.DOI:10.1001/archopht.126.9.1222.
25.	Xu WW, Huang YF, Wang LQ, et al.Cyclopexy versus vitrectomy combined with intraocular tamponade for treatment of cyclodialysis[J].Int J Ophthalmol, 2013, 6(2):187-192.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.02.16.Print.2013.
26.	毛泉报, 李真.大范围睫状体分离间断巩膜瓣下缝合临床探讨[J].国际眼科杂志, 2016, 16(3):537-539.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.37.Mao QB, Li Z.Clinical study of wide range cyclodialysis sutured under interrupted scleral flaps[J].Int Eye Sci, 2016, 16(3):537-539.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.37.
27.	陈元芝, 范少君.外伤性睫状体断离直视下睫状体复位术[J].中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2014, 36(5):369-371.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2014.05.014.Chen YZ, Fan SJ.The reduction operation under direct observation for traumatic cyclodiaysis[J].Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2014, 36(5):369-371. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2014.05.014.
28.	Ioannidis AS, Bunce C, Barton K.The evaluation and surgical management of cyclodialysis clefts that have failed to respond to conservative management[J].Br J Ophthalmol, 2014, 98(4):544-549.DOI:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303559.
29.	蒋莉, 吴宪巍.实时定位缝合术治疗外伤性睫状体脱离11例[J].国际眼科杂志, 2012, 12(11):2208-2210.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.11.53.Jiang L, Wu XW.Treatment of traumatic ciliary body detachment by real-time localized saturation[J].Int Eye Sci, 2012, 12(11):2208-2210.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.11.53.
30.	Wang M, Hu S, Zhao Z, et al.A novel method for the localization and management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2014, 2014:761851[2014-03-11].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972862/. DOI:10.1155/2014/761851.
31.	翁晓春.巩膜层间连续套环缝合睫状体复位术治疗外伤性睫状体分离[J].中国实用眼科杂志, 2013, 31(3):319-320.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.03.019.Weng XC.The continuous collar suturation surgery for wide-range cyclodialysis[J].Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2013, 31(3):319-320. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.03.019.
32.	Chadha N, Lamba T, Belyea DA, et al.Indirect cyclopexy for treatment of a chronic traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony[J].Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8:591-594. DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S55938.
33.	Gnanaraj L, Lam WC, Rootman DR, et al.Endoscopic closure of a cyclodialysis cleft[J].J AAPOS, 2005, 9(6):592-594.
34.	Helbig H, Foerster MH.Management of hypotonous cyclodialysis with pars plana vitrectomy, gas tamponade, and cryotherapy[J].Ophthalmic Surg Lasers, 1996, 27(3):188-191.
35.	Hoerauf H, Roider J, Laqua H.Treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis with vitrectomy, cryotherapy, and gas endotamponade[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 1999, 25(9):1299-1301.
36.	Takaya K, Suzuki Y, Nakazawa M.Four cases of hypotony maculopathy caused by traumatic cyclodialysis and treated by vitrectomy, cryotherapy, and gas tamponade[J].Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2006, 244(7):855-858.
37.	Medeiros MD, Postorino M, Pallás C, et al.Cyclodialysis induced persistent hypotony:surgical management with vitrectomy and endotamponade[J].Retina, 2013, 33(8):1540-1546.DOI:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182877a41.
38.	Ishida Y, Minamoto A, Takamatsu M, et al.Pars plana vitrectomy for traumatic cyclodialysis with persistent hypotony[J].Eye (Lond), 2004, 18(9):952-954.
39.	Li X, Zarbin MA, Bhagat N.Pediatric open globe injury:a review of the literature[J].J Emerg Trauma Shock, 2015, 8(4):216-223.DOI:10.4103/0974-2700.166663.
40.	Yuen NS, Hui SP, Woo DC.New method of surgical repair for 360-degree cyclodialysis[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 2006, 32(1):13-17.
41.	Malandrini A, Balestrazzi A, Martone G, et al.Diagnosis and management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 2008, 34(7):1213-1216. DOI:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.02.038.
42.	Mardelli PG.Closure of persistent cyclodialysis cleft using the haptics of the intraocular lens[J].Am J Ophthalmol, 2006, 142(4):676-678.
43.	Shentu X, Zhu Y, Tang Y.Closure of a persistent cyclodialysis cleft using the haptics of a normal-sized intraocular lens[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep, 2011, 2011:0720114555[2011-11-01].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207748/. DOI:10.1136/bcr.07.2011.4555.
44.	Gupta S, Sagar P, Gogia V, et al.Dual Endotemponade for extensive long-standing cyclodialysis using sulcus-fixated cionni ring and PCIOL[J].J Glaucoma, 2016, 25(3):284-287.DOI:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000334.

1. Kaushik S, Arya SK, Kochhar S.Cyclodialysis cleft diagnosed by conventional ultrasonography[J].Ophthalmic Surg Lasers, 2000, 31(4):346-349.
2. Mateo-Montoya A, Dreifuss S.Anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a diagnostic tool for cyclodialysis clefts[J].Arch Ophthalmol, 2009, 127(1):109-110. DOI:10.1001/archophthalmol.2008.561.
3. Nolan W.Anterior segment imaging:ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography[J].Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2008, 19(2):115-121. DOI:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f40bba.
4. Trikha S, Turnbull A, Agrawal S, et al.Management challenges arising from a traumatic 360 degree cyclodialysis cleft[J].Clin Ophthalmol, 2012, 6:257-260. DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S29123.
5. 方一惟, 赵蓉, 许艺民, 等.挫伤性睫状体解离直接透巩膜缝合术临床观察[J].眼科新进展, 2007, 27(11):845-846.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5141.2007.11.014.Fang YW, Zhao R, Xu YM, et al.Evaluation on direct suturing with penetrating through sclera for treatment of contusion cyclodialysis[J].Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2007, 27(11):845-846.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5141.2007.11.014.
6. Ioannidis AS, Barton K.Cyclodialysis cleft:causes and repair[J].Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2010, 21(2):150-154.DOI:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283366a4d.
7. 赵宁, 张瑞君, 冯浩, 等.UBM指导下眼挫伤睫状体脱离缝合术的应用[J].国际眼科杂志, 2012, 12(9):1731-1733.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.09.39.Zhao N, Zhang RJ, Feng H, et al.Application of suturing contusion cyclodialysis cleft under ultrasound biomicroscopic[J].Int Eye Sci, 2012, 12(9):1731-1733. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.09.39.
8. Murta F, Mitne S, Allemann N, et al.Direct cyclopexy surgery for post-traumatic cyclodialysis with persistent hypotony:ultrasound biomicroscopic evaluation[J]. Arq Bras Oftalmol, 2014, 77(1):50-53.
9. Aminlari A, Callahan CE.Medical, laser, and surgical management of inadvertent cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony[J].Arch Ophthalmol, 2004, 122(3):399-404.
10. Burés-Jelstrup A, Navarro R, Mateo C, et al.Detection of ciliary body detachment with anterior segment optical coherence tomography[J].Acta Ophthalmol, 2008, 86(7):810-811.DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01130.x.
11. Kumar M, Kesarwani S.Post-traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with hypotonic maculopathy[J].Clin Exp Optom, 2011, 94(5):481-483.DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00599.x.
12. Kahawita S, Cugati S, Casson R.Cyclodialysis cleft with late hypotony maculopathy after inadvertent cannula detachment during cataract surgery[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 2015, 41(5):1107-1108. DOI:10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.04.002.
13. Romano MR, Vinciguerra R, Randazzo A, et al.Management of cyclodialysis cleft associated to hypotonic maculopathy[J].Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(3):1023-1024.DOI:10.1007/s00417-012-2048-y.
14. Han JC, Kwun YK, Cho SH, et al.Long-term outcomes of argon laser photocoagulation in small size cyclodialysis cleft[J].BMC Ophthalmol, 2015, 24(15):123.DOI:10.1186/s12886-015-01130.
15. Amini H, Razeghinejad MR.Transscleral diode laser therapy for cyclodialysis cleft induced hypotony[J].Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 2005, 33(4):348-350.
16. Brooks AM, Troski M, Gillies WE.Noninvasive closure of a persistent cyclodialysis cleft[J].Ophthalmology, 1996, 103(11):1943-1945.
17. Cerio-Ramsden CD, Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Rebolleda G.Post-traumatic cyclodialysis cleft treated with transscleral diode laser[J].Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol, 2009, 84(1):47-50.
18. Caronia RM, Sturm RT, Marmor MA, et al.Treatment of a cyclodialysis cleft by means of ophthalmic laser microendoscope endophotocoagulation[J].Am J Ophthalmol, 1999, 128(6):760-761.
19. Ormerod LD, Baerveldt G, Sunalp MA, et al.Management of the hypotonous cyclodialysis cleft[J].Ophthalmology, 1991, 98:1384-1393.
20. Agrawal P, Shah P.Long-term outcomes following the surgical repair of traumatic cyclodialysis clefts[J].Eye (Lond), 2013, 27(12):1347-1352. DOI:10.1038/eye.2013.183.
21. Pinheiro-Costa J, Melo AB, Carneiro ÂM, et al.Cyclodialysis cleft treatment using a minimally invasive technique[J]. Case Rep Ophthalmol, 2015, 6(1):66-70. DOI:10.1159/000375442.
22. Ceruti P, Tosi R, Marchini G.Gas tamponade and cyclocryotherapy of a chronic cyclodialysis cleft[J].Br J Ophthalmol, 2009, 93(3):414-416. DOI:10.1136/bjo.2008.146266.
23. 刘芳.玻璃体切除联合不同睫状体复位术式的疗效观察[J].国际眼科杂志, 2016, 16(3):502-504.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.26.Liu F.Observation on the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with different surgical methods for cyclodialysis[J].Int Eye Sci, 2016, 16(3):502-504. DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.26.
24. Hwang JM, Ahn K, Kim C, et al.Ultrasonic biomicroscopic evaluation of cyclodialysis before and after direct cyclopexy[J].Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(9):1222-1225.DOI:10.1001/archopht.126.9.1222.
25. Xu WW, Huang YF, Wang LQ, et al.Cyclopexy versus vitrectomy combined with intraocular tamponade for treatment of cyclodialysis[J].Int J Ophthalmol, 2013, 6(2):187-192.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.02.16.Print.2013.
26. 毛泉报, 李真.大范围睫状体分离间断巩膜瓣下缝合临床探讨[J].国际眼科杂志, 2016, 16(3):537-539.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.37.Mao QB, Li Z.Clinical study of wide range cyclodialysis sutured under interrupted scleral flaps[J].Int Eye Sci, 2016, 16(3):537-539.DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.3.37.
27. 陈元芝, 范少君.外伤性睫状体断离直视下睫状体复位术[J].中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2014, 36(5):369-371.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2014.05.014.Chen YZ, Fan SJ.The reduction operation under direct observation for traumatic cyclodiaysis[J].Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2014, 36(5):369-371. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2014.05.014.
28. Ioannidis AS, Bunce C, Barton K.The evaluation and surgical management of cyclodialysis clefts that have failed to respond to conservative management[J].Br J Ophthalmol, 2014, 98(4):544-549.DOI:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303559.
29. 蒋莉, 吴宪巍.实时定位缝合术治疗外伤性睫状体脱离11例[J].国际眼科杂志, 2012, 12(11):2208-2210.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.11.53.Jiang L, Wu XW.Treatment of traumatic ciliary body detachment by real-time localized saturation[J].Int Eye Sci, 2012, 12(11):2208-2210.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2012.11.53.
30. Wang M, Hu S, Zhao Z, et al.A novel method for the localization and management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2014, 2014:761851[2014-03-11].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972862/. DOI:10.1155/2014/761851.
31. 翁晓春.巩膜层间连续套环缝合睫状体复位术治疗外伤性睫状体分离[J].中国实用眼科杂志, 2013, 31(3):319-320.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.03.019.Weng XC.The continuous collar suturation surgery for wide-range cyclodialysis[J].Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2013, 31(3):319-320. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.03.019.
32. Chadha N, Lamba T, Belyea DA, et al.Indirect cyclopexy for treatment of a chronic traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony[J].Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8:591-594. DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S55938.
33. Gnanaraj L, Lam WC, Rootman DR, et al.Endoscopic closure of a cyclodialysis cleft[J].J AAPOS, 2005, 9(6):592-594.
34. Helbig H, Foerster MH.Management of hypotonous cyclodialysis with pars plana vitrectomy, gas tamponade, and cryotherapy[J].Ophthalmic Surg Lasers, 1996, 27(3):188-191.
35. Hoerauf H, Roider J, Laqua H.Treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis with vitrectomy, cryotherapy, and gas endotamponade[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 1999, 25(9):1299-1301.
36. Takaya K, Suzuki Y, Nakazawa M.Four cases of hypotony maculopathy caused by traumatic cyclodialysis and treated by vitrectomy, cryotherapy, and gas tamponade[J].Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2006, 244(7):855-858.
37. Medeiros MD, Postorino M, Pallás C, et al.Cyclodialysis induced persistent hypotony:surgical management with vitrectomy and endotamponade[J].Retina, 2013, 33(8):1540-1546.DOI:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182877a41.
38. Ishida Y, Minamoto A, Takamatsu M, et al.Pars plana vitrectomy for traumatic cyclodialysis with persistent hypotony[J].Eye (Lond), 2004, 18(9):952-954.
39. Li X, Zarbin MA, Bhagat N.Pediatric open globe injury:a review of the literature[J].J Emerg Trauma Shock, 2015, 8(4):216-223.DOI:10.4103/0974-2700.166663.
40. Yuen NS, Hui SP, Woo DC.New method of surgical repair for 360-degree cyclodialysis[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 2006, 32(1):13-17.
41. Malandrini A, Balestrazzi A, Martone G, et al.Diagnosis and management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft[J].J Cataract Refract Surg, 2008, 34(7):1213-1216. DOI:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.02.038.
42. Mardelli PG.Closure of persistent cyclodialysis cleft using the haptics of the intraocular lens[J].Am J Ophthalmol, 2006, 142(4):676-678.
43. Shentu X, Zhu Y, Tang Y.Closure of a persistent cyclodialysis cleft using the haptics of a normal-sized intraocular lens[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep, 2011, 2011:0720114555[2011-11-01].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207748/. DOI:10.1136/bcr.07.2011.4555.
44. Gupta S, Sagar P, Gogia V, et al.Dual Endotemponade for extensive long-standing cyclodialysis using sulcus-fixated cionni ring and PCIOL[J].J Glaucoma, 2016, 25(3):284-287.DOI:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000334.

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