The status and advances in the application of fundus autofluorescence in noninfectious uveitis_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Wang Kexin , Zhu Ruilin ,  Yang Liu

Department of Ophthalmology，Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;

Corresponding author：

Yang Liu, Email: lucy02114@163.com

Keywords：

Uveitis/diagnosis; Fluorescence; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.01.028

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Noninfectious uveitis refers to a category of inflammatory diseases involving the uvea, with the exception of infectious factors or masquerade syndrome. The diagnosis and follow-up of noninfectious uveitis that involving retina or choroid require fundus imaging techniques. Fundus autofluorescence is a noninvasive imaging technique. Compared with fundus colorized photography, fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence indicates the functional status of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells in a better way, thus playing a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms investigating, early diagnosis, disease progression monitoring and prognosis estimating of noninfectious uveitis, such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, Behçet disease, multifocal choroiditis, punctate inner choroidopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis.

Citation： Wang Kexin, Zhu Ruilin, Yang Liu. The status and advances in the application of fundus autofluorescence in noninfectious uveitis. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2018, 34(1): 92-95. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.01.028 Copy

1.	Ayata A, Dogru S, Senol MG, et al. Autofluorescence findings in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2009, 19(6): 1094-1097.
2.	Koizumi H, Maruyama K, Kinoshita S. Blue light and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2010, 94(11): 1499-1505. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.164665.
3.	Zhu R, Zhang J, Qiao L, et al. Photoreceptor cell injury starts in the initial stage of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease[J/OL]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2017, 2017: E1-9[2017-03-21]. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09273948.2017.1285035. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1285035. [published online ahead of print].
4.	Morita C, Sakata VM, Rodriguez EE, et al. Fundus autofluorescence as a marker of disease severity in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2016, 94(8): 820-821. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13147.
5.	Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Sohn EH, Sadda S, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial changes in chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(1): 33-41. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181c5970d.
6.	Seidensticker F, Neubauer AS, Wasfy T, et al. Wide-field fundus autofluorescence corresponds to visual fields in chorioretinitis patients[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2011, 5(1): 1667-1671. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S26224.
7.	Mesquida M, Llorenc V, Fontenla JR, et al. Use of ultra-wide-field retinal imaging in the management of active Behçet retinal vasculitis[J]. Retina, 2014, 34(10): 2121-2127. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000197.
8.	Yeh S, Forooghian F, Wong WT, et al. Fundus autofluorescence imaging of the white dot syndromes[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2010, 128(1): 46-56. DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.368.
9.	Turkcuoglu P, Chang PY, Rentiya ZS, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil and fundus autofluorescence in the management of recurrent punctate inner choroidopathy[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011, 19(4): 286-292. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.580072.
10.	Spaide RF, Goldberg N, Freund KB. Redefining multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis and punctate inner choroidopathy through multimodal imaging[J]. Retina, 2013, 33(7): 1315-1324. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318286cc77.
11.	Kramer M, Priel E. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in multifocal choroiditis: beyond the spots[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2014, 22(5): 349-355. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.855797.
12.	Li M, Zhang X, Wen F. The fundus autofluorescence spectrum of punctate inner choroidopathy[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2015, 2015: 202097[2015-07-22]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202097. DOI: 10.1155/2015/202097.
13.	Malamos P, Masaoutis P, Georgalas I, et al. The role of fundus autofluorescence imaging in the study of the course of posterior uveitis disorders [J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 247469[2015-01-28]. DOI: 10.1155/2015/247469.
14.	Haen SP, Spaide RF. Fundus autofluorescence in multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 145(5): 847-853. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.01.008.
15.	Jung JJ, Khan S, Mrejen S, et al. Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis with outer retinal or chorioretinal atrophy[J]. Retina, 2014, 34(7): 1439-1450. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000079.
16.	Munk MR, Jung JJ, Biggee K, et al. Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy with acute photoreceptor loss or dysfunction out of proportion to clinically visible lesions[J]. Retina, 2015, 35(2): 334-343. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000370.
17.	Giuliari G, Hinkle DM, Foster CS. The spectrum of fundus autofluorescence findings in birdshot chorioretinopathy [J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2009, 2009: 567693[2010-02-08]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/567693. DOI: 10.1155/2009/567693.
18.	Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC, Spaide RF. Fundus autofluorescence in birdshot chorioretinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2008, 115(5): 15-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.01.025.
19.	Piffer AL, Boissonnot M, Gobert F, et al. Relevance of wide-field autofluorescence imaging in birdshot retinochoroidopathy: descriptive analysis of 76 eyes[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(6): 463-469. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12292.
20.	Jack LS, Agarwal A, Sepah YJ, et al. Spatial agreement between Goldmann visual field defects and fundus autofluorescence in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy[J]. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect, 2016, 6(1): 18. DOI: 10.1186/s12348-016-0085-0.
21.	Teussink MM, Huis in Het Veld PI, de Vries LA, et al. Multimodal imaging of the disease progression of birdshot chorioretinopathy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2016, 94(8): 815-823. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13114.
22.	Joseph A, Rahimy E, Freund KB, et al. Fundus autofluorescence and photoreceptor bleaching in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome[J]. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina, 2013, 44(6): 588-592. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20131105-08.
23.	周才喜, 刘立民, 毛爱玲, 等.多发性一过性白点综合征的眼底自发荧光观察[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2013, 49(12): 1089-1093. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2013.12.007.Zhou CX, Liu LM, Mao AL, et al. The fundus autofluorescence of the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome [J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2013, 49(12): 1089-1093. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2013.12.007.
24.	Hashimoto H, Kishi S. Ultra-wide-field fundus autofluorescence in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 159(4): 698-706. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.015.
25.	陈如, 俞素勤, 邹文军, 等.多发性一过性白点综合征患眼超广角短波长眼底自身荧光特征[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(3): 252-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.006.Chen R, Yu SQ, Zou WJ, et al. Imaging features of ultra-wide field fundus autofluorescence in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome [J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(3): 252-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.006.
26.	刘洪涛, 张军军, 曾志冰, 等.多发性一过性白点综合征多种眼底影像特征分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(3): 257-260. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.007.Liu HT, Zhang JJ, Zeng ZB, et al. Characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome with multimodal imaging [J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(3): 257-260. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.007.
27.	Marsiglia M, Gallego-Pinazo R, Cunha De Souza E, et al. Expanded clinical spectrum of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome with multimodal imaging[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(1): 64-74. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000685.
28.	Pichi F, Srvivastava SK, Chexal S, et al. En face optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: new insights into pathogenesis[J]. Retina, 2016, 36 Suppl 1: S178-188. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001255.
29.	Dell'omo R, Mantovani A, Wong R, et al. Natural evolution of fundus autofluorescence findings in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: a long-term follow-up[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(9): 1479-1487. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181d50cd3.
30.	Mrejen S, Khan S, Gallego-Pinazo R, et al. Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy: a classification based on multimodal imaging[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014, 132(9): 1089-1098. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.1683.
31.	周波, 杨嘉嵩, 刘华, 等. Ⅰ型急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变的眼底影像学特征[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2015, 33(12): 1402-1405. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2015.12.022.Zhou B, Yang JS, Liu H, et al. Imaging characteristics of type Ⅰ acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2015, 33(12): 1402-1405. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2015.12.022.
32.	Shifera AS, Pennesi ME, Yang P, et al. Ultra-wide-field fundus autofluorescence findings in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Retina, 2017, 37(6): 1104-1119. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001311.
33.	张胜娟, 刘志强, 李成泉, 等. 急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变的影像学观察[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2016, 34(6): 593-596. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.06.018.Zhang SJ, Liu ZQ, Li CQ, et al. Imaging observation of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2016, 34(6): 593-596. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.06.018.
34.	Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, Giovinazzo VJ, et al. Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomographic findings in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(8): 1206-1216. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181e097f0.
35.	Makino S, Tanaka Y, Tampo H. An optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging study of peripapillary acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Case Rep Ophthalmol, 2013, 4(1): 11-16. DOI: 10.1159/000346731.
36.	Souka AA, Hillenkamp J, Gora F, et al. Correlation between optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2006, 244(10): 1219-1223. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-006-0343-1.
37.	Lee GE, Lee BW, Rao NA, et al. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy mimicking Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: case report and review of literature[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011, 19(1): 42-47. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2010.521610.
38.	Spaide RF. Autofluorescence imaging of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Retina, 2006, 26(4): 479-482. DOI: 10.1097/01.iae.0000238557.06907.de.
39.	Mrejen S, Sarraf D, Chexal S, et al. Choroidal involvement in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina, 2016, 47(1): 20-26. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20151214-03.
40.	Cardillo Piccolino F, Grosso A, Savini E. Fundus autofluorescence in serpiginous choroiditis[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(2): 179-185. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-0951-z.
41.	Arantes TE, Matos K, Garcia CR, et al. Fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in recurrent serpiginous choroiditis: case report[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011, 19(1): 39-41. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2010.515373.
42.	Gupta A, Biswas J. Fundus autofluorescence imaging to document evolution, progression and healing pattern of serpiginous choroiditis[J]. Oman J Ophthalmol, 2014, 7(2): 100-101. DOI: 10.4103/0974-620x.137175.
43.	Lee CS, Lee AY, Forooghian F, et al. Fundus autofluorescence features in the inflammatory maculopathies[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8: 2001-2012. DOI: 10.2147/opth.s68446.

1. Ayata A, Dogru S, Senol MG, et al. Autofluorescence findings in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2009, 19(6): 1094-1097.
2. Koizumi H, Maruyama K, Kinoshita S. Blue light and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2010, 94(11): 1499-1505. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.164665.
3. Zhu R, Zhang J, Qiao L, et al. Photoreceptor cell injury starts in the initial stage of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease[J/OL]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2017, 2017: E1-9[2017-03-21]. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09273948.2017.1285035. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1285035. [published online ahead of print].
4. Morita C, Sakata VM, Rodriguez EE, et al. Fundus autofluorescence as a marker of disease severity in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2016, 94(8): 820-821. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13147.
5. Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Sohn EH, Sadda S, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial changes in chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(1): 33-41. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181c5970d.
6. Seidensticker F, Neubauer AS, Wasfy T, et al. Wide-field fundus autofluorescence corresponds to visual fields in chorioretinitis patients[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2011, 5(1): 1667-1671. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S26224.
7. Mesquida M, Llorenc V, Fontenla JR, et al. Use of ultra-wide-field retinal imaging in the management of active Behçet retinal vasculitis[J]. Retina, 2014, 34(10): 2121-2127. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000197.
8. Yeh S, Forooghian F, Wong WT, et al. Fundus autofluorescence imaging of the white dot syndromes[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2010, 128(1): 46-56. DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.368.
9. Turkcuoglu P, Chang PY, Rentiya ZS, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil and fundus autofluorescence in the management of recurrent punctate inner choroidopathy[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011, 19(4): 286-292. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.580072.
10. Spaide RF, Goldberg N, Freund KB. Redefining multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis and punctate inner choroidopathy through multimodal imaging[J]. Retina, 2013, 33(7): 1315-1324. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318286cc77.
11. Kramer M, Priel E. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in multifocal choroiditis: beyond the spots[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2014, 22(5): 349-355. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.855797.
12. Li M, Zhang X, Wen F. The fundus autofluorescence spectrum of punctate inner choroidopathy[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2015, 2015: 202097[2015-07-22]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202097. DOI: 10.1155/2015/202097.
13. Malamos P, Masaoutis P, Georgalas I, et al. The role of fundus autofluorescence imaging in the study of the course of posterior uveitis disorders [J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 247469[2015-01-28]. DOI: 10.1155/2015/247469.
14. Haen SP, Spaide RF. Fundus autofluorescence in multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 145(5): 847-853. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.01.008.
15. Jung JJ, Khan S, Mrejen S, et al. Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis with outer retinal or chorioretinal atrophy[J]. Retina, 2014, 34(7): 1439-1450. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000079.
16. Munk MR, Jung JJ, Biggee K, et al. Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy with acute photoreceptor loss or dysfunction out of proportion to clinically visible lesions[J]. Retina, 2015, 35(2): 334-343. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000370.
17. Giuliari G, Hinkle DM, Foster CS. The spectrum of fundus autofluorescence findings in birdshot chorioretinopathy [J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2009, 2009: 567693[2010-02-08]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/567693. DOI: 10.1155/2009/567693.
18. Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC, Spaide RF. Fundus autofluorescence in birdshot chorioretinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2008, 115(5): 15-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.01.025.
19. Piffer AL, Boissonnot M, Gobert F, et al. Relevance of wide-field autofluorescence imaging in birdshot retinochoroidopathy: descriptive analysis of 76 eyes[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(6): 463-469. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12292.
20. Jack LS, Agarwal A, Sepah YJ, et al. Spatial agreement between Goldmann visual field defects and fundus autofluorescence in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy[J]. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect, 2016, 6(1): 18. DOI: 10.1186/s12348-016-0085-0.
21. Teussink MM, Huis in Het Veld PI, de Vries LA, et al. Multimodal imaging of the disease progression of birdshot chorioretinopathy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2016, 94(8): 815-823. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13114.
22. Joseph A, Rahimy E, Freund KB, et al. Fundus autofluorescence and photoreceptor bleaching in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome[J]. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina, 2013, 44(6): 588-592. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20131105-08.
23. 周才喜, 刘立民, 毛爱玲, 等.多发性一过性白点综合征的眼底自发荧光观察[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2013, 49(12): 1089-1093. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2013.12.007.Zhou CX, Liu LM, Mao AL, et al. The fundus autofluorescence of the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome [J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2013, 49(12): 1089-1093. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2013.12.007.
24. Hashimoto H, Kishi S. Ultra-wide-field fundus autofluorescence in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 159(4): 698-706. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.015.
25. 陈如, 俞素勤, 邹文军, 等.多发性一过性白点综合征患眼超广角短波长眼底自身荧光特征[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(3): 252-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.006.Chen R, Yu SQ, Zou WJ, et al. Imaging features of ultra-wide field fundus autofluorescence in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome [J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(3): 252-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.006.
26. 刘洪涛, 张军军, 曾志冰, 等.多发性一过性白点综合征多种眼底影像特征分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(3): 257-260. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.007.Liu HT, Zhang JJ, Zeng ZB, et al. Characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome with multimodal imaging [J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(3): 257-260. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.03.007.
27. Marsiglia M, Gallego-Pinazo R, Cunha De Souza E, et al. Expanded clinical spectrum of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome with multimodal imaging[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(1): 64-74. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000685.
28. Pichi F, Srvivastava SK, Chexal S, et al. En face optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: new insights into pathogenesis[J]. Retina, 2016, 36 Suppl 1: S178-188. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001255.
29. Dell'omo R, Mantovani A, Wong R, et al. Natural evolution of fundus autofluorescence findings in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: a long-term follow-up[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(9): 1479-1487. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181d50cd3.
30. Mrejen S, Khan S, Gallego-Pinazo R, et al. Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy: a classification based on multimodal imaging[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014, 132(9): 1089-1098. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.1683.
31. 周波, 杨嘉嵩, 刘华, 等. Ⅰ型急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变的眼底影像学特征[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2015, 33(12): 1402-1405. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2015.12.022.Zhou B, Yang JS, Liu H, et al. Imaging characteristics of type Ⅰ acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2015, 33(12): 1402-1405. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2015.12.022.
32. Shifera AS, Pennesi ME, Yang P, et al. Ultra-wide-field fundus autofluorescence findings in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Retina, 2017, 37(6): 1104-1119. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001311.
33. 张胜娟, 刘志强, 李成泉, 等. 急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变的影像学观察[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2016, 34(6): 593-596. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.06.018.Zhang SJ, Liu ZQ, Li CQ, et al. Imaging observation of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2016, 34(6): 593-596. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.06.018.
34. Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, Giovinazzo VJ, et al. Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomographic findings in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(8): 1206-1216. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181e097f0.
35. Makino S, Tanaka Y, Tampo H. An optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging study of peripapillary acute zonal occult outer retinopathy[J]. Case Rep Ophthalmol, 2013, 4(1): 11-16. DOI: 10.1159/000346731.
36. Souka AA, Hillenkamp J, Gora F, et al. Correlation between optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2006, 244(10): 1219-1223. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-006-0343-1.
37. Lee GE, Lee BW, Rao NA, et al. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy mimicking Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: case report and review of literature[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011, 19(1): 42-47. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2010.521610.
38. Spaide RF. Autofluorescence imaging of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Retina, 2006, 26(4): 479-482. DOI: 10.1097/01.iae.0000238557.06907.de.
39. Mrejen S, Sarraf D, Chexal S, et al. Choroidal involvement in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina, 2016, 47(1): 20-26. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20151214-03.
40. Cardillo Piccolino F, Grosso A, Savini E. Fundus autofluorescence in serpiginous choroiditis[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(2): 179-185. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-0951-z.
41. Arantes TE, Matos K, Garcia CR, et al. Fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in recurrent serpiginous choroiditis: case report[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011, 19(1): 39-41. DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2010.515373.
42. Gupta A, Biswas J. Fundus autofluorescence imaging to document evolution, progression and healing pattern of serpiginous choroiditis[J]. Oman J Ophthalmol, 2014, 7(2): 100-101. DOI: 10.4103/0974-620x.137175.
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The status and advances in the application of fundus autofluorescence in noninfectious uveitis

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