PROGRESS ON COMBINATION FIELDS OF THREE TISSUE ENGINEERING ELEMETS FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

LUXiaotong , XINGZhenzhen , ZHENGJilin , ZHANGJie ,  TIANJing

Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

TIANJing, Email: tian_jing6723@aliyun.com

Keywords：

Cartilage repair; Tissue engineering; Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; Cell-free scaffold; Scaffold-free approach

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150135

Video：

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Objective To summarize the tissue engineering techniques for cartilage repair on the combination fields of the three elements of tissue engineering:cells, scaffolds and signals. Methods The literature on cell-scaffold-based cartilage repair techniques, cell-free scaffolds, and scaffold-free approaches was reviewed and summarized. Results The cell-scaffold-based cartilage repair techniques such as matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (chondrocytes are seeded on the scaffold) are able to enhance the survival of the cells; cell-free scaffolds can promote cell recruitment with chemoatractants; and scaffold-free approaches have better hyaline-like properties and can avoid the toxic effect of scaffold degradation products. Conclusion Combination fields of the three elements of tissue engineering provide a more biomimetic environment for cartilage repair and have broad prospects.

Citation： LUXiaotong, XINGZhenzhen, ZHENGJilin, ZHANGJie, TIANJing. PROGRESS ON COMBINATION FIELDS OF THREE TISSUE ENGINEERING ELEMETS FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(5): 632-635. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150135 Copy

1.	Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ. Articular cartilage:degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. Instr Course Lect, 1998, 47:487-504.
2.	Goyal D, Keyhani S, Lee EH, et al. Evidence-based status of microfracture technique:a systematic review of level I and Ⅱ studies. Arthroscopy, 2013, 29(9):1579-1588.
3.	Minas T, von Keudell A, Bryant T, et al. The John Insall Award:A minimum 10-year outcome study of autologous chondrocyte implantation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(1):41-51.
4.	Brittberg M. Cell carriers as the next generation of cell therapy for cartilage repair:a review of the matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation procedure. Am J Sports Med, 2010, 38(6):1259-1271.
5.	Makris EA, Gomoll AH, Malizos KN, et al. Repair and tissue engineering techniques for articular cartilage. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2014, 11(1):21-34.
6.	Dunkin BS, Lattermann C. New and Emerging Techniques in Cartilage Repair:MACI. Oper Tech Sports Med, 2013, 21(2):100-107.
7.	Ebert JR, Fallon M, Ackland TR, et al. Arthroscopic matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation:2-year outcomes. Arthroscopy, 2012, 28(7):952-964.
8.	Meyerkort D, Ebert JR, Ackland TR, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) for chondral defects in the patellofemoral joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2014, 22(10):2522-2530.
9.	Aldrian S, Zak L, Wondrasch B, et al. Clinical and radiological long-term outcomes after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte transplantation:a prospective follow-up at a minimum of 10 years. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(11):2680-2688.
10.	Basad E, Ishaque B, Bachmann G, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee:a 2-year randomised study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(4):519-527.
11.	Giza E, Sullivan M, Ocel D, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation of talus articular defects. Foot Ankle Int, 2010, 31(9):747-753.
12.	Beyzadeoglu T, Onal A, Ivkovic A. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for a large chondral defect in a professional football player:a case report. J Med Case Rep, 2012, 6:173.
13.	Bartlett W, Skinner JA, Gooding CR, et al. Autologous chondrocyte implantation versus matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee:a prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2005, 87(5):640-645.
14.	Benthien JP, Schwaninger M, Behrens P. We do not have evidence based methods for the treatment of cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(4):543-552.
15.	Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Regeneration of articular cartilage of the knee. Rheumatol Int, 2013, 33(4):837-845.
16.	Enea D, Cecconi S, Busilacchi A, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2012, 20(5):862-869.
17.	Ebert JR, Smith A, Wood DJ, et al. A comparison of the responsiveness of 4 commonly used patient-reported outcome instruments at 5 years after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation. Am J Sports Med, 2013, 41(12):2791-2799.
18.	Moreira TL, Leijten JC, Sobral J, et al. High throughput generated micro-aggregates of chondrocytes stimulate cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. Eur Cell Mater, 2012, 23:387-399.
19.	Centola M, Abbruzzese F, Scotti C, et al. Scaffold-based delivery of a clinically relevant anti-angiogenic drug promotes the formation of in vivo stable cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A, 2013, 19(17-18):1960-1971.
20.	Benthien JP, Behrens P. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC). A one-step procedure for retropatellar articular resurfacing. Acta Orthop Belg, 2010, 76(2):260-263.
21.	Anders S, Volz M, Frick H, et al. A randomized, controlled trial comparing autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC^®) to microfracture:analysis of 1- and 2-year follow-up data of 2 centers. Open Orthop J, 2013, 7:133-143.
22.	Gille J, Behrens P, Volpi P, et al. Outcome of Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) in cartilage knee surgery:data of the AMIC Registry. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2013, 133(1):87-93.
23.	Wiewiorski M, Miska M, Kretzschmar M, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage of the ankle joint:results after autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC)-aided reconstruction of osteochondral lesions of the talus. Clin Radiol, 2013, 68(10):1031-1038.
24.	Valderrabano V, Barg A, Alattar A, et al. Osteochondral lesions of the ankle joint in professional soccer players:treatment with autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis. Foot Ankle Spec, 2014, 7(6):522-528.
25.	Mancini D, Fontana A. Five-year results of arthroscopic techniques for the treatment of acetabular chondral lesions in femoroacetabular impingement. Int Orthop, 2014, 38(10):2057-2064.
26.	Gigante A, Calcagno S, Cecconi S, et al. Use of collagen scaffold and autologous bone marrow concentrate as a one-step cartilage repair in the knee:histological results of second-look biopsies at 1 year follow-up. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2011, 24(1 Suppl 2):69-72.
27.	Gille J, Schuseil E, Wimmer J, et al. Mid-term results of Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for treatment of focal cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(11):1456-1464.
28.	Pascarella A, Ciatti R, Pascarella F, et al. Treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee joint using a modified AMIC technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(4):509-513.
29.	Dhollander AA, De Neve F, Almqvist KF, et al. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis combined with platelet-rich plasma gel:technical description and a five pilot patients report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(4):536-542.
30.	Siclari A, Mascaro G, Gentili C, et al. A cell-free scaffold-based cartilage repair provides improved function hyaline-like repair at one year. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(3):910-919.
31.	Huey DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Unlike bone, cartilage regeneration remains elusive. Science, 2012, 338(6109):917-921.
32.	Schubert T, Anders S, Neumann E, et al. Long-term effects of chondrospheres on cartilage lesions in an autologous chondrocyte implantation model as investigated in the SCID mouse model. Int J Mol Med, 2009, 23(4):455-460.
33.	Vanlauwe J, Saris DB, Victor J, et al. Five-year outcome of characterized chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture for symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee:early treatment matters. Am J Sports Med, 2011, 39(12):2566-2574.
34.	Fickert S, Schattenberg T, Niks M, et al. Feasibility of arthroscopic 3-dimensional, purely autologous chondrocyte transplantation for chondral defects of the hip:a case series. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2014, 134(7):971-978.
35.	Adkisson HT, Martin JA, Amendola RL, et al. The potential of human allogeneic juvenile chondrocytes for restoration of articular cartilage. Am J Sports Med, 2010, 38(7):1324-1333.
36.	Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. The effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on self-assembled articular cartilage constructs. Tissue Eng, 2006, 12(5):1337-1344.
37.	Makris EA, Macbarb RF, Paschos NK, et al. Combined use of chondroitinase-ABC, TGF-beta1, and collagen crosslinking agent lysyl oxidase to engineer functional neotissues for fibrocartilage repair. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(25):6787-6796.
38.	Aufderheide AC, Athanasiou KA. Assessment of a bovine co-culture, scaffold-free method for growing meniscus-shaped constructs. Tissue Eng, 2007, 13(9):2195-2205.

1. Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ. Articular cartilage:degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. Instr Course Lect, 1998, 47:487-504.
2. Goyal D, Keyhani S, Lee EH, et al. Evidence-based status of microfracture technique:a systematic review of level I and Ⅱ studies. Arthroscopy, 2013, 29(9):1579-1588.
3. Minas T, von Keudell A, Bryant T, et al. The John Insall Award:A minimum 10-year outcome study of autologous chondrocyte implantation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(1):41-51.
4. Brittberg M. Cell carriers as the next generation of cell therapy for cartilage repair:a review of the matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation procedure. Am J Sports Med, 2010, 38(6):1259-1271.
5. Makris EA, Gomoll AH, Malizos KN, et al. Repair and tissue engineering techniques for articular cartilage. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2014, 11(1):21-34.
6. Dunkin BS, Lattermann C. New and Emerging Techniques in Cartilage Repair:MACI. Oper Tech Sports Med, 2013, 21(2):100-107.
7. Ebert JR, Fallon M, Ackland TR, et al. Arthroscopic matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation:2-year outcomes. Arthroscopy, 2012, 28(7):952-964.
8. Meyerkort D, Ebert JR, Ackland TR, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) for chondral defects in the patellofemoral joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2014, 22(10):2522-2530.
9. Aldrian S, Zak L, Wondrasch B, et al. Clinical and radiological long-term outcomes after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte transplantation:a prospective follow-up at a minimum of 10 years. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(11):2680-2688.
10. Basad E, Ishaque B, Bachmann G, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee:a 2-year randomised study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(4):519-527.
11. Giza E, Sullivan M, Ocel D, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation of talus articular defects. Foot Ankle Int, 2010, 31(9):747-753.
12. Beyzadeoglu T, Onal A, Ivkovic A. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for a large chondral defect in a professional football player:a case report. J Med Case Rep, 2012, 6:173.
13. Bartlett W, Skinner JA, Gooding CR, et al. Autologous chondrocyte implantation versus matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee:a prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2005, 87(5):640-645.
14. Benthien JP, Schwaninger M, Behrens P. We do not have evidence based methods for the treatment of cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(4):543-552.
15. Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Regeneration of articular cartilage of the knee. Rheumatol Int, 2013, 33(4):837-845.
16. Enea D, Cecconi S, Busilacchi A, et al. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2012, 20(5):862-869.
17. Ebert JR, Smith A, Wood DJ, et al. A comparison of the responsiveness of 4 commonly used patient-reported outcome instruments at 5 years after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation. Am J Sports Med, 2013, 41(12):2791-2799.
18. Moreira TL, Leijten JC, Sobral J, et al. High throughput generated micro-aggregates of chondrocytes stimulate cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. Eur Cell Mater, 2012, 23:387-399.
19. Centola M, Abbruzzese F, Scotti C, et al. Scaffold-based delivery of a clinically relevant anti-angiogenic drug promotes the formation of in vivo stable cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A, 2013, 19(17-18):1960-1971.
20. Benthien JP, Behrens P. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC). A one-step procedure for retropatellar articular resurfacing. Acta Orthop Belg, 2010, 76(2):260-263.
21. Anders S, Volz M, Frick H, et al. A randomized, controlled trial comparing autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC^®) to microfracture:analysis of 1- and 2-year follow-up data of 2 centers. Open Orthop J, 2013, 7:133-143.
22. Gille J, Behrens P, Volpi P, et al. Outcome of Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) in cartilage knee surgery:data of the AMIC Registry. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2013, 133(1):87-93.
23. Wiewiorski M, Miska M, Kretzschmar M, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage of the ankle joint:results after autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC)-aided reconstruction of osteochondral lesions of the talus. Clin Radiol, 2013, 68(10):1031-1038.
24. Valderrabano V, Barg A, Alattar A, et al. Osteochondral lesions of the ankle joint in professional soccer players:treatment with autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis. Foot Ankle Spec, 2014, 7(6):522-528.
25. Mancini D, Fontana A. Five-year results of arthroscopic techniques for the treatment of acetabular chondral lesions in femoroacetabular impingement. Int Orthop, 2014, 38(10):2057-2064.
26. Gigante A, Calcagno S, Cecconi S, et al. Use of collagen scaffold and autologous bone marrow concentrate as a one-step cartilage repair in the knee:histological results of second-look biopsies at 1 year follow-up. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2011, 24(1 Suppl 2):69-72.
27. Gille J, Schuseil E, Wimmer J, et al. Mid-term results of Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for treatment of focal cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(11):1456-1464.
28. Pascarella A, Ciatti R, Pascarella F, et al. Treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee joint using a modified AMIC technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(4):509-513.
29. Dhollander AA, De Neve F, Almqvist KF, et al. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis combined with platelet-rich plasma gel:technical description and a five pilot patients report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(4):536-542.
30. Siclari A, Mascaro G, Gentili C, et al. A cell-free scaffold-based cartilage repair provides improved function hyaline-like repair at one year. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(3):910-919.
31. Huey DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Unlike bone, cartilage regeneration remains elusive. Science, 2012, 338(6109):917-921.
32. Schubert T, Anders S, Neumann E, et al. Long-term effects of chondrospheres on cartilage lesions in an autologous chondrocyte implantation model as investigated in the SCID mouse model. Int J Mol Med, 2009, 23(4):455-460.
33. Vanlauwe J, Saris DB, Victor J, et al. Five-year outcome of characterized chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture for symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee:early treatment matters. Am J Sports Med, 2011, 39(12):2566-2574.
34. Fickert S, Schattenberg T, Niks M, et al. Feasibility of arthroscopic 3-dimensional, purely autologous chondrocyte transplantation for chondral defects of the hip:a case series. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2014, 134(7):971-978.
35. Adkisson HT, Martin JA, Amendola RL, et al. The potential of human allogeneic juvenile chondrocytes for restoration of articular cartilage. Am J Sports Med, 2010, 38(7):1324-1333.
36. Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. The effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on self-assembled articular cartilage constructs. Tissue Eng, 2006, 12(5):1337-1344.
37. Makris EA, Macbarb RF, Paschos NK, et al. Combined use of chondroitinase-ABC, TGF-beta1, and collagen crosslinking agent lysyl oxidase to engineer functional neotissues for fibrocartilage repair. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(25):6787-6796.
38. Aufderheide AC, Athanasiou KA. Assessment of a bovine co-culture, scaffold-free method for growing meniscus-shaped constructs. Tissue Eng, 2007, 13(9):2195-2205.

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PROGRESS ON COMBINATION FIELDS OF THREE TISSUE ENGINEERING ELEMETS FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR

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