The progress of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

QIU Juntao ,  LUO Xinjin

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,100037, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LUO Xinjin, Email: luoxinjin@yahoo.com

Keywords：

Cardiac arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201604061

Video：

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Although the survival rate reported in each center is different, according to the present studies, compared to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can improve the survival rate of cardiac arrest patient, no matter out-of-hospital or in-hospital. The obvious advantage of ECPR is that it can reduce the nervous system complications in the cardiac arrest patients and improve survival rate to hospital discharge. However, ECPR is expensive and without the uniformed indications for implantation. The prognosis for patients with ECPR support is also variant due to the different etiology. If we want to achieve better result, the ECPR technology itself needs to be further improved.

Citation： QIU Juntao, LUO Xinjin. The progress of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2017, 24(4): 301-305. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201604061 Copy

1.	Peberdy MA, Kaye W, Ornato JP, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14720 cardiac arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2003, 58(3): 297-308.
2.	Chan PS, McNally B, Tang F, et al. Recent trends in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Circulation, 2014, 130(21): 1876-1882.
3.	Golding LA. Postcardiotomy mechanical support. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1991, 3(1): 29-32.
4.	冯正义, 吉冰洋, 龙村, 等. 急症体外循环. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2001, 8(4): 272-273.
5.	Chen JS, Ko WJ, Yu HY, et al. Analysis of the outcome for patients experiencing myocardial infarction and cardiopulmonary resuscitation refractory to conventional therapies necessitating extracorporeal life support rescue. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34: 950-957.
6.	Chen YS, Chao A, Yu HY, et al. Analysis and results of prolonged resuscitation in cardiac arrest patients rescued by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003, 41(2): 197-203.
7.	Prodhan P, Fiser RT, Dyamenahalli U, et al. Outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) following refractory pediatric cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit. Resuscitation, 2009, 80(10): 1124-1129.
8.	Cave DM, Gazmuri RJ, Otto CW, et al. Part 7: CPR techniques and devices: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 2010, 122(18 Suppl 3): S720-S728.
9.	龙村, 胡盛寿, 刘晋萍, 等. 体外膜肺氧合支持治疗在成人终末期心脏病中的临床应用. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2007, 14(5): 334-337.
10.	Stub D, Bernard S, Pellegrino V, et al. Refractory cardiac arrest treated with mechanical CPR, hypothermia, ECMO and early reperfusion (the CHEER trial). Resuscitation, 2015, 86: 88-94.
11.	Fagnoui D, Combes A, De Backer D. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2014, 20: 259-265.
12.	Brooks SC, Anderson ML, Bruder E, et al. Part 6: Alternative techniques and ancillary devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 2015, 132(18 Suppl 2): S436-S443.
13.	Maekawa K, Tanno K, Hase M, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin: a propensity matched study and predictor analysis. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(5): 1186-1196.
14.	Zhao Y, Xing J, Du Z, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult patients who underwent post-cardiac surgery. Eur J Med Res, 2015, 20: 83.
15.	Goldberger ZD, Chan PS, Berg RA, et al. Duration of resuscitation efforts and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study. Lancet, 2012, 380(9852): 1473-1481.
16.	Massetti M, Gaudino M, De Paulis S, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for resuscitation and cardiac arrest management. Heart Failure Clin, 2014, 10(1 Suppl): S85-S93.
17.	Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Lee HY, et al. Comparing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2016, 103: 106-116.
18.	Wang CH, Chou NK, Becker LB, et al. Improved outcome of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest–a comparison with that for extracorporeal rescue for in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(9): 1219-1224.
19.	Lasa JJ, Rogers RS, Localio R, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) during pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is associated with improved survival to discharge: A report from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) Registry. Circulation, 2016, 133(2): 165-176.
20.	Sakamoto T, Morimura N, Nagao K, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational study. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(6): 762-76S8.
21.	Fagnoul D, Taccone FS, Belhaj A, et al. Extracorporeal life support associated with hypothermia and normoxemia in refractory cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2013, 84(11): 1519-1524.
22.	Lee SH, Jung JS, Lee KH, et al. Comparison of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Is extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation beneficial? Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 48(5): 318-327.
23.	Leick J, Liebetrau C, Szardien S, et al. Door to implantation time of extracorporeal life support systems predicts mortality in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Clin Res Cardiol, 2013, 102(9): 661-669.
24.	Lee DS, Chung CR, Jeon K, et al. Survival after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on weekends in comparison with weekdays. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(1): 133-140.
25.	Girotra S, Nallamothu BK, Spertus JA, et al. Trends in survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(20): 1912-1920.
26.	Hajbaghery MA, Mousavi G, Akbari H. Factors influencing survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2005, 66(3): 317-321.
27.	Garcia Guerra G, Zorzela L, Robertson CM, et al. Survival and neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2015, 96: 208-213.
28.	Jung C, Janssen K, Kaluza M, et al. Outcome predictors in cardiopulmonary resuscitation facilitated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clin Res Cardiol, 2016, 105(3): 196-205.
29.	Huang SC, Wu ET, Wang CC, et al. Eleven years of experience with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2012, 83(6): 710-714.
30.	Biderman P, Kagan I, Jakobishvili Z, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Isr Med Assoc J, 2016, 18(1): 61-62.
31.	Peigh G, Cavarocchi N, Hirose H. Saving life and brain with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A single-center analysis of in-hospital cardiac arrests. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 150(5): 1344-1349.
32.	Spinelli E, Davis RP, Ren X, et al. Thrombolytic enhanced extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation after prolonged cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44(2): e58-e69.
33.	Bellomo R, Bailey M, Eastwood GM, et al. Arterial hyperoxia and in-hospital mortality after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Crit Care, 2011, 15(2): R90.
34.	Kagawa E, Dote K, Kato M, et al. Do Lower Target temperatures or prolonged cooling provide improved outcomes for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with hypothermia? J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(9): e002123.
35.	Psotova H, Ostadal P, Mlcek M, et al. Ischemic postconditioning and nitric oxide administration failed to confer protective effects in a porcine model of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Artif Organs, 2016, 40(4): 353-359.
36.	Kagawa E, Dote K, Kato M, et al. Should we emergently revascularize occluded coronaries for cardiac arrest? Rapid-response extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra arrest percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation, 2012, 126(13): 1605-1613.

1. Peberdy MA, Kaye W, Ornato JP, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14720 cardiac arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2003, 58(3): 297-308.
2. Chan PS, McNally B, Tang F, et al. Recent trends in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Circulation, 2014, 130(21): 1876-1882.
3. Golding LA. Postcardiotomy mechanical support. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1991, 3(1): 29-32.
4. 冯正义, 吉冰洋, 龙村, 等. 急症体外循环. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2001, 8(4): 272-273.
5. Chen JS, Ko WJ, Yu HY, et al. Analysis of the outcome for patients experiencing myocardial infarction and cardiopulmonary resuscitation refractory to conventional therapies necessitating extracorporeal life support rescue. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34: 950-957.
6. Chen YS, Chao A, Yu HY, et al. Analysis and results of prolonged resuscitation in cardiac arrest patients rescued by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003, 41(2): 197-203.
7. Prodhan P, Fiser RT, Dyamenahalli U, et al. Outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) following refractory pediatric cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit. Resuscitation, 2009, 80(10): 1124-1129.
8. Cave DM, Gazmuri RJ, Otto CW, et al. Part 7: CPR techniques and devices: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 2010, 122(18 Suppl 3): S720-S728.
9. 龙村, 胡盛寿, 刘晋萍, 等. 体外膜肺氧合支持治疗在成人终末期心脏病中的临床应用. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2007, 14(5): 334-337.
10. Stub D, Bernard S, Pellegrino V, et al. Refractory cardiac arrest treated with mechanical CPR, hypothermia, ECMO and early reperfusion (the CHEER trial). Resuscitation, 2015, 86: 88-94.
11. Fagnoui D, Combes A, De Backer D. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2014, 20: 259-265.
12. Brooks SC, Anderson ML, Bruder E, et al. Part 6: Alternative techniques and ancillary devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 2015, 132(18 Suppl 2): S436-S443.
13. Maekawa K, Tanno K, Hase M, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin: a propensity matched study and predictor analysis. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(5): 1186-1196.
14. Zhao Y, Xing J, Du Z, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult patients who underwent post-cardiac surgery. Eur J Med Res, 2015, 20: 83.
15. Goldberger ZD, Chan PS, Berg RA, et al. Duration of resuscitation efforts and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study. Lancet, 2012, 380(9852): 1473-1481.
16. Massetti M, Gaudino M, De Paulis S, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for resuscitation and cardiac arrest management. Heart Failure Clin, 2014, 10(1 Suppl): S85-S93.
17. Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Lee HY, et al. Comparing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2016, 103: 106-116.
18. Wang CH, Chou NK, Becker LB, et al. Improved outcome of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest–a comparison with that for extracorporeal rescue for in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(9): 1219-1224.
19. Lasa JJ, Rogers RS, Localio R, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) during pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is associated with improved survival to discharge: A report from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) Registry. Circulation, 2016, 133(2): 165-176.
20. Sakamoto T, Morimura N, Nagao K, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational study. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(6): 762-76S8.
21. Fagnoul D, Taccone FS, Belhaj A, et al. Extracorporeal life support associated with hypothermia and normoxemia in refractory cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2013, 84(11): 1519-1524.
22. Lee SH, Jung JS, Lee KH, et al. Comparison of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Is extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation beneficial? Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 48(5): 318-327.
23. Leick J, Liebetrau C, Szardien S, et al. Door to implantation time of extracorporeal life support systems predicts mortality in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Clin Res Cardiol, 2013, 102(9): 661-669.
24. Lee DS, Chung CR, Jeon K, et al. Survival after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on weekends in comparison with weekdays. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(1): 133-140.
25. Girotra S, Nallamothu BK, Spertus JA, et al. Trends in survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(20): 1912-1920.
26. Hajbaghery MA, Mousavi G, Akbari H. Factors influencing survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2005, 66(3): 317-321.
27. Garcia Guerra G, Zorzela L, Robertson CM, et al. Survival and neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 2015, 96: 208-213.
28. Jung C, Janssen K, Kaluza M, et al. Outcome predictors in cardiopulmonary resuscitation facilitated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clin Res Cardiol, 2016, 105(3): 196-205.
29. Huang SC, Wu ET, Wang CC, et al. Eleven years of experience with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2012, 83(6): 710-714.
30. Biderman P, Kagan I, Jakobishvili Z, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Isr Med Assoc J, 2016, 18(1): 61-62.
31. Peigh G, Cavarocchi N, Hirose H. Saving life and brain with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A single-center analysis of in-hospital cardiac arrests. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 150(5): 1344-1349.
32. Spinelli E, Davis RP, Ren X, et al. Thrombolytic enhanced extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation after prolonged cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44(2): e58-e69.
33. Bellomo R, Bailey M, Eastwood GM, et al. Arterial hyperoxia and in-hospital mortality after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Crit Care, 2011, 15(2): R90.
34. Kagawa E, Dote K, Kato M, et al. Do Lower Target temperatures or prolonged cooling provide improved outcomes for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with hypothermia? J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(9): e002123.
35. Psotova H, Ostadal P, Mlcek M, et al. Ischemic postconditioning and nitric oxide administration failed to confer protective effects in a porcine model of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Artif Organs, 2016, 40(4): 353-359.
36. Kagawa E, Dote K, Kato M, et al. Should we emergently revascularize occluded coronaries for cardiac arrest? Rapid-response extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra arrest percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation, 2012, 126(13): 1605-1613.

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