Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Patients:Methods of Detection and Clinical Implications_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 XUXiao-yong ¹ , JIANGWei-min ¹ , YUNan ² , YANGJie ¹ , LIChun-min ¹ ,  ZHOUDing-hua ¹

1. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China;
2. Department of Central Lab, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China;

Corresponding author：

ZHOUDing-hua, Email: zhoudh@sina.com

Keywords：

Pancreatic cancer; Circulating tumor cell; Detection; Application

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20150232

Video：

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Objective To summary the detection methods of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pancreatic cancer patients and its clinical application. Methods Related domestic and foreign literatures were reviewed. Results Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the world. The early diagnosis rate is low, the incidence of local invasion and metastasis is high, and the prognosis is very poor. The CTCs is one of the important causes of postoperative recurrence and metastasis, its detection methods based on immunocytochemistry (ICC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Conclusions Detection of CTCs, regarding as a "real-time liquid biopsy", it has a high application value in the early diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer, and it has become research frontier and focus.

Citation： XUXiao-yong, JIANGWei-min, YUNan, YANGJie, LIChun-min, ZHOUDing-hua. Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Patients:Methods of Detection and Clinical Implications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2015, 22(7): 889-892. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20150232 Copy

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2.	Michl P, Pauls S, Gress TM. Evidence-based diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2006, 20(2):227-251.
3.	Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Laheru DA, et al. Recent progress in pancreatic pancer. CA Cancer J Clin, 2013, 63(5):318-348.
4.	Ashworth TR. A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in the tumors were seen in the blood after death. Aust Med J, 1869, 14:146-147.
5.	Polyak K, Weinberg RA. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states:acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits. Nat Rev Cancer, 2009, 9(4):265-273.
6.	Königsberg R, Obermayr E, Bises G, et al. Detection of EpCAM positive and negative circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients. Acta Oncol, 2011, 50(5):700-710.
7.	Clawson GA, Kimchi E, Patrick SD, et al. Circulating tumor cells in melanoma patients. PLoS One, 2012, 7(7):e41052.
8.	Vona G, Sabile A, Louha M, et al. Isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells:a new method for the immunomorphological and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells. Am J Pathol, 2000, 156(1):57-63.
9.	Ma YC, Wang L, Yu FL. Recent advances and prospects in the isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) methodology. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2013, 12(4):295-309.
10.	Parkinson DR, Dracopoli N, Petty BG, et al. Considerations in the development of circulating tumour cell technology for clinical use. J Transl Med, 2012, 10:138..
11.	Xu W, Cao L, Chen L, et al. Isolation of Circulating tumor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using a novel cell separation strategy. Clin Cancer Res, 2011, 17(11):3783-3793.
12.	Gorges TM, Tinhofer I, Drosch M, et al. Circulating tumour cells escape from EpCAM-based detection due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BMC Cancer, 2012, 12:178.
13.	Miller MC, Doyle GV, Terstappen LW. Significance of circulating tumor cells detected by the cellsearch system in patients with metastatic breast colorectal and prostate cancer. J Oncol, 2010, 2010:617421.
14.	Khoja L, Backen A, Sloane R, et al. A pilot study to explore circulating tumour cells in pancreatic cancer as a novel biomarker. Br J Cancer, 2012, 106(3):508-516.
15.	Marrinucci D, Bethel K, Kolatkar A, et al. Fluid biopsy in patients with metastatic prostate, pancreatic and breast cancers. Phys Biol, 2012, 9(1):016003.
16.	Cen P, Ni X, Yang J, et al. Circulating tumor cells in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2012, 1826(2):350-356.
17.	Kamande JW, Hupert ML, Witek MA, et al. Modular microsystem for the isolation, enumeration, and phenotyping of circulating tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer. Anal Chem, 2013, 85(19):9092-9100.
18.	Bobek V, Gurlich R, Eliasova P, et al. Circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients:enrichment and cultivation. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(45):17163-17170.
19.	Nagrath S, Sequist LV, Maheswaran S, et al. Isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by microchip technology. Nature, 2007, 450(7173):1235-1239.
20.	Stott SL, Hsu CH, Tsukrov DI, et al. Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a microvortex-generating herringbone-chip. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2010, 107(43):18392-18397.
21.	Wang HY, Ahn S, Kim S, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer using the quantitative RT-PCR assay for monitoring of therapy efficacy. Exp Mol Pathol, 2014, 97(3):445-452.
22.	Guo W, Yang XR, Sun YF, et al. Clinical significance of EpCAM mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by an optimized negative enrichment and qRT-PCR-based platform. Clin Cancer Res, 2014, 20(18):4794-4805.
23.	Barbazán J, Vieito M, Abalo A, et al. A logistic model for the detection of circulating tumour cells in human metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med, 2012, 16(10):2342-2349.
24.	Sergeant G, Roskams T, van Pelt J, et al. Perioperative cancer cell dissemination detected with a real-time RT-PCR assay for EpCAM is not associated with worse prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer, 2011, 11:47.
25.	Hüsemann Y, Geigl JB, Schubert F, et al. Systemic spread is an early step in breast cancer. Cancer Cell, 2008, 13(1):58-68.
26.	Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, et al. EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell, 2012, 48(1-2):349-361.
27.	刘艳辉, 唐甜甜, 孙丽丽. 肿瘤外周血循环细胞对胰腺癌的诊断价值. 解放军医学院学报, 2013, 34(10):1045-1047.
28.	Thege FI, Lannin TB, Saha TN, et al. Microfluidic immunocapture of circulating pancreatic cells using parallel EpCAM and MUC1 capture:characterization, optimization and downstream analysis. Lab Chip, 2014, 14(10):1775-1784.
29.	Barradas AM, Terstappen LW. Towards the biological understanding of CTC:capture technologies, definitions and potential to create metastasis. Cancers (Basel), 2013, 5(4):1619-1642.
30.	Joosse SA, Gorges TM, Pantel K. Biology, detection, and clinical implications of circulating tumor cells. EMBO Mol Med, 2014, 7(1):1-11.
31.	Franken B, de Groot MR, Mastboom WJ, et al. Circulating tumor cells, disease recurrence and survival in newly diagnosed breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res, 2012, 14(5):R133.
32.	Zhang L, Ridgway LD, Wetzel MD, et al. The identification and characterization of breast cancer CTCs competent for brain metastasis. Sci Transl Med, 2013, 5(180):189er5.
33.	Torphy RJ, Tignanelli CJ, Kamande JW. et al. Circulating tumor cells as a biomarker of response to treatment in patient-derived xenograft mouse models of pancreaticadenocarcinoma. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2):e89474.
34.	Sergeant G, van Eijsden R, Roskams T, et al. Pancreatic cancer circulating tumour cells express a cell motility gene signature that predicts survival after surgery. BMCCancer, 2012, 12:527.
35.	de Albuquerque A, Kubisch I, Breier G, et al. Multimarker gene analysis of circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients:a feasibility study. Oncology, 2012, 82(1):3-10.
36.	Han L, Chen W, Zhao Q, et al. Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer:a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(3):2473-2480.

1. Vulfovich M, Rocha-Lima C. Novel advances in pancreatic cancer treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2008, 8(6):993-1002.
2. Michl P, Pauls S, Gress TM. Evidence-based diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2006, 20(2):227-251.
3. Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Laheru DA, et al. Recent progress in pancreatic pancer. CA Cancer J Clin, 2013, 63(5):318-348.
4. Ashworth TR. A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in the tumors were seen in the blood after death. Aust Med J, 1869, 14:146-147.
5. Polyak K, Weinberg RA. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states:acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits. Nat Rev Cancer, 2009, 9(4):265-273.
6. Königsberg R, Obermayr E, Bises G, et al. Detection of EpCAM positive and negative circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients. Acta Oncol, 2011, 50(5):700-710.
7. Clawson GA, Kimchi E, Patrick SD, et al. Circulating tumor cells in melanoma patients. PLoS One, 2012, 7(7):e41052.
8. Vona G, Sabile A, Louha M, et al. Isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells:a new method for the immunomorphological and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells. Am J Pathol, 2000, 156(1):57-63.
9. Ma YC, Wang L, Yu FL. Recent advances and prospects in the isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) methodology. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2013, 12(4):295-309.
10. Parkinson DR, Dracopoli N, Petty BG, et al. Considerations in the development of circulating tumour cell technology for clinical use. J Transl Med, 2012, 10:138..
11. Xu W, Cao L, Chen L, et al. Isolation of Circulating tumor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using a novel cell separation strategy. Clin Cancer Res, 2011, 17(11):3783-3793.
12. Gorges TM, Tinhofer I, Drosch M, et al. Circulating tumour cells escape from EpCAM-based detection due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BMC Cancer, 2012, 12:178.
13. Miller MC, Doyle GV, Terstappen LW. Significance of circulating tumor cells detected by the cellsearch system in patients with metastatic breast colorectal and prostate cancer. J Oncol, 2010, 2010:617421.
14. Khoja L, Backen A, Sloane R, et al. A pilot study to explore circulating tumour cells in pancreatic cancer as a novel biomarker. Br J Cancer, 2012, 106(3):508-516.
15. Marrinucci D, Bethel K, Kolatkar A, et al. Fluid biopsy in patients with metastatic prostate, pancreatic and breast cancers. Phys Biol, 2012, 9(1):016003.
16. Cen P, Ni X, Yang J, et al. Circulating tumor cells in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2012, 1826(2):350-356.
17. Kamande JW, Hupert ML, Witek MA, et al. Modular microsystem for the isolation, enumeration, and phenotyping of circulating tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer. Anal Chem, 2013, 85(19):9092-9100.
18. Bobek V, Gurlich R, Eliasova P, et al. Circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients:enrichment and cultivation. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(45):17163-17170.
19. Nagrath S, Sequist LV, Maheswaran S, et al. Isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by microchip technology. Nature, 2007, 450(7173):1235-1239.
20. Stott SL, Hsu CH, Tsukrov DI, et al. Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a microvortex-generating herringbone-chip. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2010, 107(43):18392-18397.
21. Wang HY, Ahn S, Kim S, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer using the quantitative RT-PCR assay for monitoring of therapy efficacy. Exp Mol Pathol, 2014, 97(3):445-452.
22. Guo W, Yang XR, Sun YF, et al. Clinical significance of EpCAM mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by an optimized negative enrichment and qRT-PCR-based platform. Clin Cancer Res, 2014, 20(18):4794-4805.
23. Barbazán J, Vieito M, Abalo A, et al. A logistic model for the detection of circulating tumour cells in human metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med, 2012, 16(10):2342-2349.
24. Sergeant G, Roskams T, van Pelt J, et al. Perioperative cancer cell dissemination detected with a real-time RT-PCR assay for EpCAM is not associated with worse prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer, 2011, 11:47.
25. Hüsemann Y, Geigl JB, Schubert F, et al. Systemic spread is an early step in breast cancer. Cancer Cell, 2008, 13(1):58-68.
26. Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, et al. EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell, 2012, 48(1-2):349-361.
27. 刘艳辉, 唐甜甜, 孙丽丽. 肿瘤外周血循环细胞对胰腺癌的诊断价值. 解放军医学院学报, 2013, 34(10):1045-1047.
28. Thege FI, Lannin TB, Saha TN, et al. Microfluidic immunocapture of circulating pancreatic cells using parallel EpCAM and MUC1 capture:characterization, optimization and downstream analysis. Lab Chip, 2014, 14(10):1775-1784.
29. Barradas AM, Terstappen LW. Towards the biological understanding of CTC:capture technologies, definitions and potential to create metastasis. Cancers (Basel), 2013, 5(4):1619-1642.
30. Joosse SA, Gorges TM, Pantel K. Biology, detection, and clinical implications of circulating tumor cells. EMBO Mol Med, 2014, 7(1):1-11.
31. Franken B, de Groot MR, Mastboom WJ, et al. Circulating tumor cells, disease recurrence and survival in newly diagnosed breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res, 2012, 14(5):R133.
32. Zhang L, Ridgway LD, Wetzel MD, et al. The identification and characterization of breast cancer CTCs competent for brain metastasis. Sci Transl Med, 2013, 5(180):189er5.
33. Torphy RJ, Tignanelli CJ, Kamande JW. et al. Circulating tumor cells as a biomarker of response to treatment in patient-derived xenograft mouse models of pancreaticadenocarcinoma. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2):e89474.
34. Sergeant G, van Eijsden R, Roskams T, et al. Pancreatic cancer circulating tumour cells express a cell motility gene signature that predicts survival after surgery. BMCCancer, 2012, 12:527.
35. de Albuquerque A, Kubisch I, Breier G, et al. Multimarker gene analysis of circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients:a feasibility study. Oncology, 2012, 82(1):3-10.
36. Han L, Chen W, Zhao Q, et al. Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer:a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(3):2473-2480.

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Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Patients:Methods of Detection and Clinical Implications

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