Research progress of pathogenetic and development mechanism of phyllodes tumor of breast_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

HE Tao , CHEN Jie , LIU Pengcheng ,  LÜ Qing

Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LÜ Qing, Email: lvqingwestchina@163.com

Keywords：

phyllodes tumor of breast; pathogenetic; development; mechanism; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201807025

Video：

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Objective To summarize the research progress of pathogenetic and development mechanism of phyllodes tumor of breast (PTB). Method Summarizing the studies on pathogenetic and development mechanism of PTB by searching PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, and then make a review. Results Currently, there was no uniform conclusion on the pathogenetic and development mechanism of PTB, though many factors may involve in the pathogenesis of PTB. PTB may be derived from fibroadenoma, and some studies suggested that it was closely related to hormonal receptor disorders, epithelial mesenchymal transition mechanism, gene mutation, and so on. Conclusion The pathogenetic and development mechanism of PTB is not clear yet and more researches are needed to confirm it.

Citation： HE Tao, CHEN Jie, LIU Pengcheng, LÜ Qing. Research progress of pathogenetic and development mechanism of phyllodes tumor of breast. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2019, 26(1): 116-120. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201807025 Copy

1.	Zhou ZR, Wang CC, Yang ZZ, et al. Phyllodes tumors of the breast: diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors related to recurrence. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(11): 3361-3368.
2.	Muller J. Uber den feineren Ban und die formen der kran-kaften geschwulste. Berlin: G Reiner, 1838: 154-157.
3.	Salvadori B, Cusumano F, Del Bo R, et al. Surgical treatment of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Cancer, 1989, 63(12): 2532-2536.
4.	Lee BJ, Pack GT. Giant intracanalicular myxoma of the breast: the SO. called cystosaroma phyllodes mallLrnae of Johannes Muller. Ann Surg, 1931, 93(1): 250-268.
5.	Shan J, Zhang S, Wang Z, et al. Breast malignant phyllodes tumor with rare pelvic metastases and long-term overall survival: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(38): e4942.
6.	The World Health Organization. Histological typing of breast tumors. Neoplasma, 1982, 30(1): 113-23.
7.	Abdulcadir D, Nori J, Meattini I, et al. Phyllodes tumours of the breast diagnosed as B3 category on image-guided 14-gauge core biopsy: analysis of 51 cases from a single institution and review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2014, 40(7): 859-864.
8.	Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, et al. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Breast/World Health Orga-nization Classification of Tumours. vol 4. Lyon, France: IARC, 2012.
9.	Zhang Y, Kleer CG. Phyllodes tumor of the breast: histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and molecular/genetic updates. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2016, 140(7): 665-671.
10.	Tan BY, Acs G, Apple SK, et al. Phyllodes tumours of the breast: a consensus review. Histopathology, 2016, 68(1): 5-21.
11.	Zhou ZR, Wang CC, Sun XJ, et al. Prognostic factors in breast phyllodes tumors: a nomogram based on a retrospective cohort study of 404 patients. Cancer Med, 2018, 7(4): 1030-1042.
12.	Ruvalcaba-Limón E, Jiménez-López J, Bautista-Piña V, et al. Phyllodes tumor of the breast: 307 treated cases, the largest mexican experience at a single breast disease institution. Iran J Pathol, 2016, 11(4): 399-408.
13.	Testori A, Meroni S, Errico V, et al. Huge malignant phyllodes breast tumor: a real entity in a new era of early breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2015, 13: 81.
14.	Adesoye T, Neuman HB, Wilke LG, et al. Current trends in the management of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(10): 3199-3205.
15.	Mituś J, Reinfuss M, Mituś JW, et al. Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: treatment and prognosis. Breast J, 2014, 20(6): 639-644.
16.	Xiao M, Zhu Q, Jiang Y, et al. Local recurrent phyllodes tumors of the breast: clinical and sonographic features. J Ultrasound Med, 2015, 34(9): 1631-1638.
17.	Reinfuss M, Mituś J, Duda K, et al. The treatment and prognosis of patients with phyllodes tumor of the breast: an analysis of 170 cases. Cancer, 1996, 77(5): 910-916.
18.	Mangi AA, Smith BL, Gadd MA, et al. Surgical management of phyllodes tumors. Arch Surg, 1999, 134(5): 487-492, 92-93.
19.	Wei J, Tan YT, Cai YC, et al. Predictive factors for the local recur-rence and distant metastasis of phyllodes tumors of the breast: a retrospective analysis of 192 cases at a single center. Chin J Cancer, 2014, 33(10): 492-500.
20.	Barrio AV, Clark BD, Goldberg JI, et al. Clinicopathologic features and long-term outcomes of 293 phyllodes tumors of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(10): 2961-2970.
21.	Noguchi S, Yokouchi H, Aihara T, et al. Progression of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor demonstrated by clonal analysis. Cancer, 1995, 76(10): 1779-1785.
22.	Hodges KB, Abdul-Karim FW, Wang M, et al. Evidence for transformation of fibroadenoma of the breast to malignant phyllodes tumor. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 2009, 17(4): 345-350.
23.	Yoshida M, Sekine S, Ogawa R, et al. Frequent MED12 mutations in phyllodes tumours of the breast. Br J Cancer, 2015, 112(10): 1703-1708.
24.	Pfarr N, Kriegsmann M, Sinn P, et al. Distribution of MED12 mutations in fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors of the breast-implications for tumor biology and pathological diagnosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2015, 54(7): 444-452.
25.	Ng CC, Tan J, Ong CK, et al. MED12 is frequently mutated in breast phyllodes tumours: a study of 112 cases. J Clin Pathol, 2015, 68(9): 685-691.
26.	Kakugawa Y, Tada H, Kawai M, et al. Associations of obesity and physical activity with serum and intratumoral sex steroid hormone levels among postmenopausal women with breast cancer: analysis of paired serum and tumor tissue samples. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2017, 162(1): 115-125.
27.	Pompei LM, Cunha EP, Steiner ML, et al. Effects of estradiol, progestogens, and of tibolone on breast proliferation and apoptosis. Climacteric, 2015, 18(4): 518-522.
28.	卢华莉. 青春期乳腺叶状囊肉瘤 2 例临床病理分析. 淮海医药, 2001, 19(2): 115-116.
29.	Haldosén LA, Zhao C, Dahlman-Wright K. Estrogen receptor beta in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2014, 382(1): 665-672.
30.	Madhu Krishna B, Chaudhary S, Mishra DR, et al. Estrogen receptor α dependent regulation of estrogen related receptor β and its role in cell cycle in breast cancer. BMC Cancer, 2018, 18(1): 607.
31.	Tse GM, Lee CS, Kung FY, et al. Hormonal receptors expression in epithelial cells of mammary phyllodes tumors correlates with pathologic grade of the tumor: a multicenter study of 143 cases. Am J Clin Pathol, 2002, 118(4): 522-526.
32.	Kim YH, Kim GE, Lee JS, et al. Hormone receptors expression in phyllodes tumors of the breast. Anal Quant Cytol Histol, 2012, 34(1): 41-48.
33.	刘海霞, 陈必良, 李佳, 等. EMT 参与肿瘤侵袭转移的研究进展. 现代生物医学进展, 2014, 14(14): 2790-2793.
34.	Liu Z, Chen J, Yuan W, et al. NFIB promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation, EMT and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Cancer Sci, 2018, 13833: 1347-9032.
35.	Kwon JE, Jung WH, Koo JS. Molecules involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epithelial-stromal interaction in phyllodes tumors: implications for histologic grade and prognosis. Tumour Biol, 2012, 33(3): 787-798.
36.	Feng X, Zhao L, Shen H, et al. Expression of EMT markers and mode of surgery are prognostic in phyllodes tumors of the breast. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(20): 33365-33374.
37.	Lim JC, Koh VC, Tan JS, et al. Prognostic significance of epithe-lialmesenchymal transition proteins Twist and Foxc2 in phyllodes tumours of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2015, 150(1): 19-29.
38.	Bazellières E, Conte V, Elosegui-Artola A, et al. Control of cell-cell forces and collective cell dynamics by the intercellular adhesome. Nat Cell Biol, 2015, 17(4): 409-420.
39.	Lacroix-Triki M, Geyer FC, Lambros MB, et al. β-catenin/Wnt signalling pathway in fibromatosis, metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumours of the breast. Mod Pathol, 2010, 23(11): 1438-1448.
40.	Sawyer EJ, Hanby AM, Rowan AJ, et al. The Wnt pathway, epithelial-stromal interactions, and malignant progression in phyllodes tumours. J Pathol, 2002, 196(4): 437-444.
41.	Lv S, Niu Y, Wei L, et al. Chromosomal aberrations and genetic relations in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast: a comparative genomic hybridization study. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2008, 112(3): 411-418.
42.	Jones AM, Mitter R, Poulsom R, et al. mRNA expression profiling of phyllodes tumours of the breast: identification of genes important in the development of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours. J Pathol, 2008, 216(4): 408-417.
43.	Koo CY, Bay BH, Lui PC, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of heparan sulfate correlates with stromal cell proliferation in breast phyllodes tumors. Mod Pathol, 2006, 19(10): 1344-1350.
44.	Vilela MH, de Almeida FM, de Paula GM, et al. Utility of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and mast cell content in the differential diagnosis of cellular fibroadenomas and in the classification of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Int J Surg Pathol, 2014, 22(6): 485-491.
45.	Chougule A, Bal A, Das A, et al. In phyllodes tumour of the breast expression of c-kit but not of ALDH1A1 is associated with adverse clinico-pathological features. Virchows Arch, 2016, 469(6): 651-658.
46.	Liu SY, Joseph NM, Ravindranathan A, et al. Genomic profiling of malignant phyllodes tumors reveals aberrations in FGFR1 and PI-3 kinase/RAS signaling pathways and provides insights into intratumoral heterogeneity. Mod Pathol, 2016, 29(9): 1012-1027.
47.	Laé M, La Rosa P, Mandel J, et al. Whole-genome profiling helps to classify phyllodes tumours of the breast. J Clin Pathol, 2016, 69(12): 1081-1087.
48.	Ho SK, Thike AA, Cheok PY, et al. Phyllodes tumours of the breast: the role of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor and β-catenin in histological grading and clinical outcome. Histopathology, 2013, 63(3): 393-406.
49.	Wang Y, Zhu J, Gou J, et al. Phyllodes tumors of the breast in 2 sisters: case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(46): e8552.
50.	Shpitz B, Bomstein Y, Sternberg A, et al. Immunoreactivity of p53, Ki-67, and c-erbB-2 in phyllodes tumors of the breast in correlation with clinical and morphologic features. J Surg Oncol, 2002, 79(2): 86-92.

1. Zhou ZR, Wang CC, Yang ZZ, et al. Phyllodes tumors of the breast: diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors related to recurrence. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(11): 3361-3368.
2. Muller J. Uber den feineren Ban und die formen der kran-kaften geschwulste. Berlin: G Reiner, 1838: 154-157.
3. Salvadori B, Cusumano F, Del Bo R, et al. Surgical treatment of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Cancer, 1989, 63(12): 2532-2536.
4. Lee BJ, Pack GT. Giant intracanalicular myxoma of the breast: the SO. called cystosaroma phyllodes mallLrnae of Johannes Muller. Ann Surg, 1931, 93(1): 250-268.
5. Shan J, Zhang S, Wang Z, et al. Breast malignant phyllodes tumor with rare pelvic metastases and long-term overall survival: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(38): e4942.
6. The World Health Organization. Histological typing of breast tumors. Neoplasma, 1982, 30(1): 113-23.
7. Abdulcadir D, Nori J, Meattini I, et al. Phyllodes tumours of the breast diagnosed as B3 category on image-guided 14-gauge core biopsy: analysis of 51 cases from a single institution and review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2014, 40(7): 859-864.
8. Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, et al. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Breast/World Health Orga-nization Classification of Tumours. vol 4. Lyon, France: IARC, 2012.
9. Zhang Y, Kleer CG. Phyllodes tumor of the breast: histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and molecular/genetic updates. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2016, 140(7): 665-671.
10. Tan BY, Acs G, Apple SK, et al. Phyllodes tumours of the breast: a consensus review. Histopathology, 2016, 68(1): 5-21.
11. Zhou ZR, Wang CC, Sun XJ, et al. Prognostic factors in breast phyllodes tumors: a nomogram based on a retrospective cohort study of 404 patients. Cancer Med, 2018, 7(4): 1030-1042.
12. Ruvalcaba-Limón E, Jiménez-López J, Bautista-Piña V, et al. Phyllodes tumor of the breast: 307 treated cases, the largest mexican experience at a single breast disease institution. Iran J Pathol, 2016, 11(4): 399-408.
13. Testori A, Meroni S, Errico V, et al. Huge malignant phyllodes breast tumor: a real entity in a new era of early breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2015, 13: 81.
14. Adesoye T, Neuman HB, Wilke LG, et al. Current trends in the management of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(10): 3199-3205.
15. Mituś J, Reinfuss M, Mituś JW, et al. Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: treatment and prognosis. Breast J, 2014, 20(6): 639-644.
16. Xiao M, Zhu Q, Jiang Y, et al. Local recurrent phyllodes tumors of the breast: clinical and sonographic features. J Ultrasound Med, 2015, 34(9): 1631-1638.
17. Reinfuss M, Mituś J, Duda K, et al. The treatment and prognosis of patients with phyllodes tumor of the breast: an analysis of 170 cases. Cancer, 1996, 77(5): 910-916.
18. Mangi AA, Smith BL, Gadd MA, et al. Surgical management of phyllodes tumors. Arch Surg, 1999, 134(5): 487-492, 92-93.
19. Wei J, Tan YT, Cai YC, et al. Predictive factors for the local recur-rence and distant metastasis of phyllodes tumors of the breast: a retrospective analysis of 192 cases at a single center. Chin J Cancer, 2014, 33(10): 492-500.
20. Barrio AV, Clark BD, Goldberg JI, et al. Clinicopathologic features and long-term outcomes of 293 phyllodes tumors of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(10): 2961-2970.
21. Noguchi S, Yokouchi H, Aihara T, et al. Progression of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor demonstrated by clonal analysis. Cancer, 1995, 76(10): 1779-1785.
22. Hodges KB, Abdul-Karim FW, Wang M, et al. Evidence for transformation of fibroadenoma of the breast to malignant phyllodes tumor. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 2009, 17(4): 345-350.
23. Yoshida M, Sekine S, Ogawa R, et al. Frequent MED12 mutations in phyllodes tumours of the breast. Br J Cancer, 2015, 112(10): 1703-1708.
24. Pfarr N, Kriegsmann M, Sinn P, et al. Distribution of MED12 mutations in fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors of the breast-implications for tumor biology and pathological diagnosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2015, 54(7): 444-452.
25. Ng CC, Tan J, Ong CK, et al. MED12 is frequently mutated in breast phyllodes tumours: a study of 112 cases. J Clin Pathol, 2015, 68(9): 685-691.
26. Kakugawa Y, Tada H, Kawai M, et al. Associations of obesity and physical activity with serum and intratumoral sex steroid hormone levels among postmenopausal women with breast cancer: analysis of paired serum and tumor tissue samples. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2017, 162(1): 115-125.
27. Pompei LM, Cunha EP, Steiner ML, et al. Effects of estradiol, progestogens, and of tibolone on breast proliferation and apoptosis. Climacteric, 2015, 18(4): 518-522.
28. 卢华莉. 青春期乳腺叶状囊肉瘤 2 例临床病理分析. 淮海医药, 2001, 19(2): 115-116.
29. Haldosén LA, Zhao C, Dahlman-Wright K. Estrogen receptor beta in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2014, 382(1): 665-672.
30. Madhu Krishna B, Chaudhary S, Mishra DR, et al. Estrogen receptor α dependent regulation of estrogen related receptor β and its role in cell cycle in breast cancer. BMC Cancer, 2018, 18(1): 607.
31. Tse GM, Lee CS, Kung FY, et al. Hormonal receptors expression in epithelial cells of mammary phyllodes tumors correlates with pathologic grade of the tumor: a multicenter study of 143 cases. Am J Clin Pathol, 2002, 118(4): 522-526.
32. Kim YH, Kim GE, Lee JS, et al. Hormone receptors expression in phyllodes tumors of the breast. Anal Quant Cytol Histol, 2012, 34(1): 41-48.
33. 刘海霞, 陈必良, 李佳, 等. EMT 参与肿瘤侵袭转移的研究进展. 现代生物医学进展, 2014, 14(14): 2790-2793.
34. Liu Z, Chen J, Yuan W, et al. NFIB promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation, EMT and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Cancer Sci, 2018, 13833: 1347-9032.
35. Kwon JE, Jung WH, Koo JS. Molecules involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epithelial-stromal interaction in phyllodes tumors: implications for histologic grade and prognosis. Tumour Biol, 2012, 33(3): 787-798.
36. Feng X, Zhao L, Shen H, et al. Expression of EMT markers and mode of surgery are prognostic in phyllodes tumors of the breast. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(20): 33365-33374.
37. Lim JC, Koh VC, Tan JS, et al. Prognostic significance of epithe-lialmesenchymal transition proteins Twist and Foxc2 in phyllodes tumours of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2015, 150(1): 19-29.
38. Bazellières E, Conte V, Elosegui-Artola A, et al. Control of cell-cell forces and collective cell dynamics by the intercellular adhesome. Nat Cell Biol, 2015, 17(4): 409-420.
39. Lacroix-Triki M, Geyer FC, Lambros MB, et al. β-catenin/Wnt signalling pathway in fibromatosis, metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumours of the breast. Mod Pathol, 2010, 23(11): 1438-1448.
40. Sawyer EJ, Hanby AM, Rowan AJ, et al. The Wnt pathway, epithelial-stromal interactions, and malignant progression in phyllodes tumours. J Pathol, 2002, 196(4): 437-444.
41. Lv S, Niu Y, Wei L, et al. Chromosomal aberrations and genetic relations in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast: a comparative genomic hybridization study. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2008, 112(3): 411-418.
42. Jones AM, Mitter R, Poulsom R, et al. mRNA expression profiling of phyllodes tumours of the breast: identification of genes important in the development of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours. J Pathol, 2008, 216(4): 408-417.
43. Koo CY, Bay BH, Lui PC, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of heparan sulfate correlates with stromal cell proliferation in breast phyllodes tumors. Mod Pathol, 2006, 19(10): 1344-1350.
44. Vilela MH, de Almeida FM, de Paula GM, et al. Utility of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and mast cell content in the differential diagnosis of cellular fibroadenomas and in the classification of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Int J Surg Pathol, 2014, 22(6): 485-491.
45. Chougule A, Bal A, Das A, et al. In phyllodes tumour of the breast expression of c-kit but not of ALDH1A1 is associated with adverse clinico-pathological features. Virchows Arch, 2016, 469(6): 651-658.
46. Liu SY, Joseph NM, Ravindranathan A, et al. Genomic profiling of malignant phyllodes tumors reveals aberrations in FGFR1 and PI-3 kinase/RAS signaling pathways and provides insights into intratumoral heterogeneity. Mod Pathol, 2016, 29(9): 1012-1027.
47. Laé M, La Rosa P, Mandel J, et al. Whole-genome profiling helps to classify phyllodes tumours of the breast. J Clin Pathol, 2016, 69(12): 1081-1087.
48. Ho SK, Thike AA, Cheok PY, et al. Phyllodes tumours of the breast: the role of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor and β-catenin in histological grading and clinical outcome. Histopathology, 2013, 63(3): 393-406.
49. Wang Y, Zhu J, Gou J, et al. Phyllodes tumors of the breast in 2 sisters: case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(46): e8552.
50. Shpitz B, Bomstein Y, Sternberg A, et al. Immunoreactivity of p53, Ki-67, and c-erbB-2 in phyllodes tumors of the breast in correlation with clinical and morphologic features. J Surg Oncol, 2002, 79(2): 86-92.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Research progress of pathogenetic and development mechanism of phyllodes tumor of breast

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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