Application progress of patient<b>-</b>derived organoid and patient<b>-</b>derived tumor xenograft_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WEI Wen ¹ , ZHANG Yan ¹ , XIAO Lixia ¹ , WANG Tao ¹ ,  ZHOU Huinian ²

1. The Second Clinical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
2. Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHOU Huinian, Email: 13519408925@163.com

Keywords：

pancreatic cancer; patient-derived organoid; patient-derived tumor xenograft

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202301015

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To understand the development, research status, advantages and disadvantages of patient-derived organoid (PDO) and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX), and to summarize their applications in pancreatic cancer, so as to provide new ideas for the selection of early modeling of pancreatic cancer. Method The recent studies on PDO and PDX of pancreatic cancer at home and abroad were reviewed. Results The PDO and PDX models had a wide range of applications in preclinical research of tumor, especially played an important role in the basic research of present pancreatic cancer patients with poor clinical treatment effects, such as the pathogenesis research of pancreatic cancer, developing new targets and new drugs, testing preclinical drug toxicity and effectiveness. Conclusion PDO and PDX, as classical tumor research model, have broad clinical application prospects in the research of pancreatic cancer.

Citation： WEI Wen, ZHANG Yan, XIAO Lixia, WANG Tao, ZHOU Huinian. Application progress of patient-derived organoid and patient-derived tumor xenograft. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2023, 30(6): 739-744. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202301015 Copy

1.	Grönholm M, Feodoroff M, Antignani G, et al. Patient-derived organoids for precision cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res, 2021, 81(12): 3149-3155.
2.	Drost J, Clevers H. Organoids in cancer research. Nat Rev Cancer, 2018, 18(7): 407-418.
3.	Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(1): 7-33.
4.	王旭, 程合, 刘辰, 等. 2022年度胰腺癌研究及诊疗新进展. 中国癌症杂志, 2023, 33(1): 1-13.
5.	Overbeek KA, Goggins MG, Dbouk M, et al. Timeline of development of pancreatic cancer and implications for successful early detection in high-risk individuals. Gastroenterology, 2022, 162(3): 772-785.
6.	Sarris EG, Syrigos KN, Saif MW. Pancreatic cancer: updates on translational research and future applications. JOP, 2013, 14(2): 145-148.
7.	Smith E, Cochrane WJ. Cystic organoid teratoma; report of a case. Can Med Assoc J. 1946, 55(2): 151.
8.	Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature, 2009, 459(7244): 262-265.
9.	Huch M, Bonfanti P, Boj SF, et al. Unlimited in vitro expansion of adult bi-potent pancreas progenitors through the Lgr5/R-spondin axis. EMBO J, 2013, 32(20): 2708-2721.
10.	Boj SF, Hwang CI, Baker LA, et al. Organoid models of human and mouse ductal pancreatic cancer. Cell, 2015, 160(1-2): 324-338.
11.	Ungricht R, Guibbal L, Lasbennes MC, et al. Genome-wide screening in human kidney organoids identifies developmental and disease-related aspects of nephrogenesis. Cell Stem Cell, 2022, 29(1): 160-175.
12.	Kulkarni G, Apostolou A, Ewart L, et al. Combining human organoids and organ-on-a-chip technology to model intestinal region-specific functionality. J Vis Exp, 2022, (183). doi: 10.3791/63724.
13.	Murphy SV, De Coppi P, Atala A. Opportunities and challenges of translational 3D bioprinting. Nat Biomed Eng, 2020, 4(4): 370-380.
14.	Waldman AD, Fritz JM, Lenardo MJ. A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nat Rev Immunol, 2020, 20(11): 651-668.
15.	Menche C, Farin HF. Strategies for genetic manipulation of adult stem cell-derived organoids. Exp Mol Med, 2021, 53(10): 1483-1494.
16.	Tekguc M, Gaal RCV, Uzel SGM, et al. Kidney organoids: a pioneering model for kidney diseases. Transl Res, 2022, 250: 1-17.
17.	肖雅丽, 张建华, 钟耀广. CRISPR-Cas系统在细菌基因组编辑和代谢调控中的研究进展. 食品与发酵工业, 2022, 48(21): 318-324.
18.	潘少伟, 张华莉. CRISPR-Cas9系统的发现. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2021, 46(12): 1392-1402.
19.	Wen J, Wu J, Cao T, et al. Methylation silencing and reactivation of exogenous genes in lentivirus-mediated transgenic mice. Transgenic Res, 2021, 30(1): 63-76.
20.	Heitink L, Whittle JR, Vaillant F, et al. In vivo genome-editing screen identifies tumor suppressor genes that cooperate with Trp53 loss during mammary tumorigenesis. Mol Oncol, 2022, 16(5): 1119-1131.
21.	Fujii E, Kato A, Suzuki M. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: characteristics and points to consider for the process of establishment. J Toxicol Pathol, 2020, 33(3): 153-160.
22.	闫克敏, 孙佳, 王娇娇, 等. PDX模型在恶性肿瘤中应用的研究进展. 现代肿瘤医学, 2019, 27(9): 1629-1634.
23.	李宏伟, 高先春, 窦建华, 等. 人源免疫重建PDX模型构建及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用进展. 中国肿瘤临床, 2022, 49(11): 541-547.
24.	van der Meel R, Gallagher WM, Oliveira S, et al. Recent advances in molecular imaging biomarkers in cancer: application of bench to bedside technologies. Drug Discov Today, 2010, 15(3-4): 102-114.
25.	Kumari R, Xu X, Li HQ. Translational and clinical relevance of PDX-derived organoid models in oncology drug discovery and development. Curr Protoc, 2022, 2(7): e431. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.431.
26.	Gendoo DMA, Denroche RE, Zhang A, et al. Whole genomes define concordance of matched primary, xenograft, and organoid models of pancreas cancer. PLoS Comput Biol, 2019, 15(1): e1006596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006596.
27.	Shi J, Li Y, Jia R, et al. The fidelity of cancer cells in PDX models: Characteristics, mechanism and clinical significance. Int J Cancer, 2020, 146(8): 2078-2088.
28.	Piro G, Agostini A, Larghi A, et al. Pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoid platforms: A clinical tool to study cell- and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of treatment response. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 793144. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793144.
29.	Junttila MR, de Sauvage FJ. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response. Nature, 2013, 501(7467): 346-354.
30.	Collisson EA, Sadanandam A, Olson P, et al. Subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and their differing responses to therapy. Nat Med, 2011, 17(4): 500-503.
31.	Huang L, Holtzinger A, Jagan I, et al. Ductal pancreatic cancer modeling and drug screening using human pluripotent stem cell- and patient-derived tumor organoids. Nat Med, 2015, 21(11): 1364-1371.
32.	Rittmann MC, Hussung S, Braun LM, et al. Plasma biomarkers for prediction of early tumor recurrence after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 7499. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86779-x.
33.	Meng Q, Xie S, Gray GK, et al. Empirical identification and validation of tumor-targeting T cell receptors from circulation using autologous pancreatic tumor organoids. J Immunother Cancer, 2021, 9(11): e003213. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003213.
34.	Weitz JR, Tiriac H, Hurtado de Mendoza T, et al. Using organotypic tissue slices to investigate the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: pharmacotyping and beyond. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(19): 4991. doi: 10.3390/cancers13194991.
35.	Sándor GO, Soós AÁ, Lörincz P, et al. Wnt Activity and cell proliferation are coupled to extracellular vesicle release in multiple organoid models. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021, 9: 670825. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670825.
36.	Boonekamp KE, Heo I, Artegiani B, et al. Identification of novel human Wnt target genes using adult endodermal tissue-derived organoids. Dev Biol, 2021, 474: 37-47.
37.	Pascual-Sabater S, Raimondi G, Mato-Berciano A, et al. Preclinical testing of oncolytic adenovirus sensitivity in patient-derived tumor organoids. STAR Protoc, 2021, 2(4): 101017. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101017.
38.	Palzer J, Mues B, Goerg R, et al. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia as treatment option for pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic cancer organoids. Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16: 2965-2981.
39.	Tiriac H, Belleau P, Engle DD, et al. Organoid profiling identifies common responders to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov, 2018, 8(9): 1112-1129.
40.	Demyan L, Habowski AN, Plenker D, et al. Pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg, 2022, 276(3): 450-462.
41.	Schuth S, Le Blanc S, Krieger TG, et al. Patient-specific modeling of stroma-mediated chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer using a three-dimensional organoid-fibroblast co-culture system. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1): 312. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02519-7.
42.	Merkle J, Breunig M, Schmid M, et al. CDKN2A-mutated pancreatic ductal organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells to model a cancer predisposition syndrome. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(20): 5139. doi: 10.3390/cancers13205139.
43.	Lee JH, Kim H, Lee SH, et al. Establishment of patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Gut Liver, 2022, 16(4): 625-636.
44.	Krieger TG, Le Blanc S, Jabs J, et al. Single-cell analysis of patient-derived PDAC organoids reveals cell state heterogeneity and a conserved developmental hierarchy. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1): 5826. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26059-4.
45.	Perelló-Reus CM, Rubio-Tomás T, Cisneros-Barroso E, et al. Challenges in precision medicine in pancreatic cancer: A focus in cancer stem cells and microbiota. Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 995357. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.995357.
46.	Dantes Z, Yen HY, Pfarr N, et al. Implementing cell-free DNA of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids for personalized oncology. JCI Insight, 2020, 5(15): e137809. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.137809.
47.	李甜瑞, 赵瑞波, 张权, 等. 类器官及其应用的研究进展. 生物化学与生物物理进展, 2019, 46(8): 737-750.
48.	Grant TJ, Hua K, Singh A. Molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 2016, 144: 241-275.
49.	Marangoni E, Poupon MF. Patient-derived tumour xenografts as models for breast cancer drug development. Curr Opin Oncol, 2014, 26(6): 556-561.
50.	Eguchi S, Kimura K, Kageyama K, et al. Optimal Organ for Patient-derived Xenograft Model in Pancreatic Cancer and Microenvironment that Contributes to Success. Anticancer Res, 2022, 42(5): 2395-2404.
51.	Jun E, Jung J, Jeong SY, et al. Surgical and oncological factors affecting the successful engraftment of patient-derived xenografts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Res, 2016, 36(2): 517-521.
52.	Wang Y, Cui J, Wang L. Patient-derived xenografts: a valuable platform for clinical and preclinical research in pancreatic cancer. Chin Clin Oncol, 2019, 8(2): 17. doi: 10.21037/cco.2019.02.04.
53.	Saenz SA, Local A, Carr T, et al. Small molecule allosteric inhibitors of RORγt block Th17-dependent inflammation and associated gene expression in vivo. PLoS One, 2021, 16(11): e0248034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248034.
54.	Tu MJ, Ho PY, Zhang QY, et al. Bioengineered miRNA-1291 prodrug therapy in pancreatic cancer cells and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Cancer Lett, 2019, 442: 82-90.
55.	韩品盛, 苗宇, 徐策, 等. 胰腺癌人源性肿瘤异种移植模型的建立及初步应用. 中华实验外科杂志, 2022, 39(9): 1799-1802.
56.	Pham NA, Radulovich N, Ibrahimov E, et al. Patient-derived tumor xenograft and organoid models established from resected pancreatic, duodenal and biliary cancers. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 10619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90049-1.
57.	Giraud J, Bouriez D, Seeneevassen L, et al. Orthotopic patient-derived xenografts of gastric cancer to decipher drugs effects on cancer stem cells and metastatic dissemination. Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11(4): 560. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040560.
58.	Maru Y, Kawata A, Taguchi A, et al. Establishment and molecular phenotyping of organoids from the squamocolumnar junction region of the uterine cervix. Cancers (Basel). 2020, 12(3): 694. doi:10.3390/cancers12030694.
59.	Hoshi D, Kita E, Maru Y, et al. Derivation of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma cell line HS-1 as a patient-derived tumor organoid. Cancer Sci, 2023, 114(3): 1165-1179.
60.	Yang G, Guan W, Cao Z, et al. Integrative genomic analysis of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by patient-derived xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 27(12): 3383-3396.
61.	Zhang T, Zhang L, Fan S, et al. Patient-derived gastric carcinoma xenograft mouse models faithfully represent human tumor molecular diversity. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7): e0134493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134493.

1. Grönholm M, Feodoroff M, Antignani G, et al. Patient-derived organoids for precision cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res, 2021, 81(12): 3149-3155.
2. Drost J, Clevers H. Organoids in cancer research. Nat Rev Cancer, 2018, 18(7): 407-418.
3. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(1): 7-33.
4. 王旭, 程合, 刘辰, 等. 2022年度胰腺癌研究及诊疗新进展. 中国癌症杂志, 2023, 33(1): 1-13.
5. Overbeek KA, Goggins MG, Dbouk M, et al. Timeline of development of pancreatic cancer and implications for successful early detection in high-risk individuals. Gastroenterology, 2022, 162(3): 772-785.
6. Sarris EG, Syrigos KN, Saif MW. Pancreatic cancer: updates on translational research and future applications. JOP, 2013, 14(2): 145-148.
7. Smith E, Cochrane WJ. Cystic organoid teratoma; report of a case. Can Med Assoc J. 1946, 55(2): 151.
8. Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature, 2009, 459(7244): 262-265.
9. Huch M, Bonfanti P, Boj SF, et al. Unlimited in vitro expansion of adult bi-potent pancreas progenitors through the Lgr5/R-spondin axis. EMBO J, 2013, 32(20): 2708-2721.
10. Boj SF, Hwang CI, Baker LA, et al. Organoid models of human and mouse ductal pancreatic cancer. Cell, 2015, 160(1-2): 324-338.
11. Ungricht R, Guibbal L, Lasbennes MC, et al. Genome-wide screening in human kidney organoids identifies developmental and disease-related aspects of nephrogenesis. Cell Stem Cell, 2022, 29(1): 160-175.
12. Kulkarni G, Apostolou A, Ewart L, et al. Combining human organoids and organ-on-a-chip technology to model intestinal region-specific functionality. J Vis Exp, 2022, (183). doi: 10.3791/63724.
13. Murphy SV, De Coppi P, Atala A. Opportunities and challenges of translational 3D bioprinting. Nat Biomed Eng, 2020, 4(4): 370-380.
14. Waldman AD, Fritz JM, Lenardo MJ. A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nat Rev Immunol, 2020, 20(11): 651-668.
15. Menche C, Farin HF. Strategies for genetic manipulation of adult stem cell-derived organoids. Exp Mol Med, 2021, 53(10): 1483-1494.
16. Tekguc M, Gaal RCV, Uzel SGM, et al. Kidney organoids: a pioneering model for kidney diseases. Transl Res, 2022, 250: 1-17.
17. 肖雅丽, 张建华, 钟耀广. CRISPR-Cas系统在细菌基因组编辑和代谢调控中的研究进展. 食品与发酵工业, 2022, 48(21): 318-324.
18. 潘少伟, 张华莉. CRISPR-Cas9系统的发现. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2021, 46(12): 1392-1402.
19. Wen J, Wu J, Cao T, et al. Methylation silencing and reactivation of exogenous genes in lentivirus-mediated transgenic mice. Transgenic Res, 2021, 30(1): 63-76.
20. Heitink L, Whittle JR, Vaillant F, et al. In vivo genome-editing screen identifies tumor suppressor genes that cooperate with Trp53 loss during mammary tumorigenesis. Mol Oncol, 2022, 16(5): 1119-1131.
21. Fujii E, Kato A, Suzuki M. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: characteristics and points to consider for the process of establishment. J Toxicol Pathol, 2020, 33(3): 153-160.
22. 闫克敏, 孙佳, 王娇娇, 等. PDX模型在恶性肿瘤中应用的研究进展. 现代肿瘤医学, 2019, 27(9): 1629-1634.
23. 李宏伟, 高先春, 窦建华, 等. 人源免疫重建PDX模型构建及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用进展. 中国肿瘤临床, 2022, 49(11): 541-547.
24. van der Meel R, Gallagher WM, Oliveira S, et al. Recent advances in molecular imaging biomarkers in cancer: application of bench to bedside technologies. Drug Discov Today, 2010, 15(3-4): 102-114.
25. Kumari R, Xu X, Li HQ. Translational and clinical relevance of PDX-derived organoid models in oncology drug discovery and development. Curr Protoc, 2022, 2(7): e431. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.431.
26. Gendoo DMA, Denroche RE, Zhang A, et al. Whole genomes define concordance of matched primary, xenograft, and organoid models of pancreas cancer. PLoS Comput Biol, 2019, 15(1): e1006596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006596.
27. Shi J, Li Y, Jia R, et al. The fidelity of cancer cells in PDX models: Characteristics, mechanism and clinical significance. Int J Cancer, 2020, 146(8): 2078-2088.
28. Piro G, Agostini A, Larghi A, et al. Pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoid platforms: A clinical tool to study cell- and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of treatment response. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 793144. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793144.
29. Junttila MR, de Sauvage FJ. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response. Nature, 2013, 501(7467): 346-354.
30. Collisson EA, Sadanandam A, Olson P, et al. Subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and their differing responses to therapy. Nat Med, 2011, 17(4): 500-503.
31. Huang L, Holtzinger A, Jagan I, et al. Ductal pancreatic cancer modeling and drug screening using human pluripotent stem cell- and patient-derived tumor organoids. Nat Med, 2015, 21(11): 1364-1371.
32. Rittmann MC, Hussung S, Braun LM, et al. Plasma biomarkers for prediction of early tumor recurrence after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 7499. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86779-x.
33. Meng Q, Xie S, Gray GK, et al. Empirical identification and validation of tumor-targeting T cell receptors from circulation using autologous pancreatic tumor organoids. J Immunother Cancer, 2021, 9(11): e003213. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003213.
34. Weitz JR, Tiriac H, Hurtado de Mendoza T, et al. Using organotypic tissue slices to investigate the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: pharmacotyping and beyond. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(19): 4991. doi: 10.3390/cancers13194991.
35. Sándor GO, Soós AÁ, Lörincz P, et al. Wnt Activity and cell proliferation are coupled to extracellular vesicle release in multiple organoid models. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021, 9: 670825. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670825.
36. Boonekamp KE, Heo I, Artegiani B, et al. Identification of novel human Wnt target genes using adult endodermal tissue-derived organoids. Dev Biol, 2021, 474: 37-47.
37. Pascual-Sabater S, Raimondi G, Mato-Berciano A, et al. Preclinical testing of oncolytic adenovirus sensitivity in patient-derived tumor organoids. STAR Protoc, 2021, 2(4): 101017. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101017.
38. Palzer J, Mues B, Goerg R, et al. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia as treatment option for pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic cancer organoids. Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16: 2965-2981.
39. Tiriac H, Belleau P, Engle DD, et al. Organoid profiling identifies common responders to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov, 2018, 8(9): 1112-1129.
40. Demyan L, Habowski AN, Plenker D, et al. Pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg, 2022, 276(3): 450-462.
41. Schuth S, Le Blanc S, Krieger TG, et al. Patient-specific modeling of stroma-mediated chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer using a three-dimensional organoid-fibroblast co-culture system. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1): 312. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02519-7.
42. Merkle J, Breunig M, Schmid M, et al. CDKN2A-mutated pancreatic ductal organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells to model a cancer predisposition syndrome. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(20): 5139. doi: 10.3390/cancers13205139.
43. Lee JH, Kim H, Lee SH, et al. Establishment of patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Gut Liver, 2022, 16(4): 625-636.
44. Krieger TG, Le Blanc S, Jabs J, et al. Single-cell analysis of patient-derived PDAC organoids reveals cell state heterogeneity and a conserved developmental hierarchy. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1): 5826. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26059-4.
45. Perelló-Reus CM, Rubio-Tomás T, Cisneros-Barroso E, et al. Challenges in precision medicine in pancreatic cancer: A focus in cancer stem cells and microbiota. Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 995357. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.995357.
46. Dantes Z, Yen HY, Pfarr N, et al. Implementing cell-free DNA of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids for personalized oncology. JCI Insight, 2020, 5(15): e137809. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.137809.
47. 李甜瑞, 赵瑞波, 张权, 等. 类器官及其应用的研究进展. 生物化学与生物物理进展, 2019, 46(8): 737-750.
48. Grant TJ, Hua K, Singh A. Molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 2016, 144: 241-275.
49. Marangoni E, Poupon MF. Patient-derived tumour xenografts as models for breast cancer drug development. Curr Opin Oncol, 2014, 26(6): 556-561.
50. Eguchi S, Kimura K, Kageyama K, et al. Optimal Organ for Patient-derived Xenograft Model in Pancreatic Cancer and Microenvironment that Contributes to Success. Anticancer Res, 2022, 42(5): 2395-2404.
51. Jun E, Jung J, Jeong SY, et al. Surgical and oncological factors affecting the successful engraftment of patient-derived xenografts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Res, 2016, 36(2): 517-521.
52. Wang Y, Cui J, Wang L. Patient-derived xenografts: a valuable platform for clinical and preclinical research in pancreatic cancer. Chin Clin Oncol, 2019, 8(2): 17. doi: 10.21037/cco.2019.02.04.
53. Saenz SA, Local A, Carr T, et al. Small molecule allosteric inhibitors of RORγt block Th17-dependent inflammation and associated gene expression in vivo. PLoS One, 2021, 16(11): e0248034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248034.
54. Tu MJ, Ho PY, Zhang QY, et al. Bioengineered miRNA-1291 prodrug therapy in pancreatic cancer cells and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Cancer Lett, 2019, 442: 82-90.
55. 韩品盛, 苗宇, 徐策, 等. 胰腺癌人源性肿瘤异种移植模型的建立及初步应用. 中华实验外科杂志, 2022, 39(9): 1799-1802.
56. Pham NA, Radulovich N, Ibrahimov E, et al. Patient-derived tumor xenograft and organoid models established from resected pancreatic, duodenal and biliary cancers. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 10619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90049-1.
57. Giraud J, Bouriez D, Seeneevassen L, et al. Orthotopic patient-derived xenografts of gastric cancer to decipher drugs effects on cancer stem cells and metastatic dissemination. Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11(4): 560. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040560.
58. Maru Y, Kawata A, Taguchi A, et al. Establishment and molecular phenotyping of organoids from the squamocolumnar junction region of the uterine cervix. Cancers (Basel). 2020, 12(3): 694. doi:10.3390/cancers12030694.
59. Hoshi D, Kita E, Maru Y, et al. Derivation of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma cell line HS-1 as a patient-derived tumor organoid. Cancer Sci, 2023, 114(3): 1165-1179.
60. Yang G, Guan W, Cao Z, et al. Integrative genomic analysis of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by patient-derived xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 27(12): 3383-3396.
61. Zhang T, Zhang L, Fan S, et al. Patient-derived gastric carcinoma xenograft mouse models faithfully represent human tumor molecular diversity. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7): e0134493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134493.

Previous Article
Research status and prospect of echinococcosis-specific vaccine antigens
Next Article
Single cell sequencing technology and its application in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Application progress of patient-derived organoid and patient-derived tumor xenograft

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content