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Impact of Community Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on the Influenza Vaccination among Elderly People

Objective　To explore the impact of community healthcare workers’ (CHWs) knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on the influenza vaccination among elderly people. Methods　By means of simple random sampling, 1 residential quarter of each communities, 2 communities of each districts, 5 districts of Chengdu city were randomly selected, and the elderly equal to or more than 60-year-old were on-site investigated. Meanwhile, the questionnaire survey was conducted among healthcare workers in the selected communities. Results　There were 4 KAP factors played a positive role in influenza vaccination among elderly people: CHWs’ affirmation of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, explicitly knowing the focus groups for influenza vaccination, recommendation of vaccination in flu season when the elderly visits, and participation in flu-related education activities. When the accuracy rate of each factor got improved by 1%, the influenza vaccination rate would improve by 2.747%, 1.299%, 0.864%, 0.602%, respectively. Conclusion　The knowledge, attitude and practice of HCWs have impacts on the influenza vaccination rates of elderly people. They are significant to improve the influenza vaccination rates of the elderly.

A Review on Adverse Events Following Immunization of Meningococcal Vaccines

Objective　To evaluate the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of meningococcal vaccines, so as to provide references for the appraisal and treatment of AEFI. Methods　The Chinese Bio-medicine Database (1978 to April, 2010), China Journal Full-text Database (1994 to April, 2010), VIP Database (1989 to April, 2010) and WangFang database (1988 to April, 2010) were fully searched, and the references listed in original studies were searched manually as well. Then two reviewers independently screened studies and abstracted relevant data.Results　A total of 52 articles involving 61 cases were included. Among the AEFI cases, 72.13% were hypersensitive response, including henoch-schonlein purpura (accompanied with or without nephritis), anaphylactic shock, allergic eruption, angioedema, local allergic reaction and so on. Conclusion　The results of this study show that meningococcal vaccines may result in AEFI. However, most AEFI are temporary and can be cured after treatment in time. In general, meningococcal vaccine is safe, but monitoring and treatment for AEFI are necessary.

Community Doctors’ Understanding of Pneumococcal Vaccine before and after the Education

【摘要】　目的　应用调查问卷分析培训前后成都市社区医生对肺炎球菌疫苗的认识，为推动社区肺炎球菌疫苗接种奠定基础。　方法　对215名成都市社区医生进行肺炎球菌疾病及预防知识的培训，并在培训前后行问卷调查，回收问卷并分析。　结果　经培训，社区医生提高了对肺炎球菌疾病及疫苗接种知识的掌握程度，加深了对肺炎球菌疾病及疫苗接种重要性的认识。　结论　对社区医生进行肺炎球菌相关知识的培训，有利于提高社区医生对肺炎球菌疫苗接种推荐的专业性和成功率。【Abstract】　Objective　To know the community doctors’ understanding of pneumococcal vaccine before and after the education via questionnaire. 　Methods　A total of 215 community doctors in Chengdu were educated in pneumococcal disease and the prevention knowledge. Questionnaire investigation was performed before and after the education and the results were analyzed.　Results　After the education, the acknowledgement of pneumococcal vaccination of the community doctors was improved.　Conclusion　The education of the knowledge of pneumococcal vaccine for the community doctors helps to improve the acknowledgement of pneumococcal vaccination.

Advancement of Heat Shock Protein 70 Vaccine in Alimentary Canal Cancer

Objective　To review the advancement of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine in alimentary canal cancer. Methods　Related articles were reviewed. Results　HSP70 can integrate with tumor special antigen to form HSP70 polypeptide compound. To activate the special and nonspecial immune response of body, HSP70 can participate in the process of tumor immunity as a “molecular partner”. Conclusion　HSP70 has shown alluring perspective in the precaution and treatment of alimentary canal cancer.

Immunological Treatment for Sepsis and Septic Shock

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Peripheral T Cell Apoptosis and Specific Immune Tolerance Induced by T Cell Vaccination

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between peripheral T cell apoptosis and specific immune tolerance induced by T cell vaccination（TCV）. MethodsT cell vaccinations were made from the spleen cells of SD rats, which were induced by ConA and were challenged with the spleen cells of Wistar rats. Normal SD rats were vaccinated intraperitoneally with TCV (experimental group) or RPMI 1640 culture buffer (control group) respectively .Oneway mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were performed,the apoptosis of peripheral T cell were assayed using flow cytometric analysis before and after vaccination.ResultsIn experimental group, the result of MLR showed that the response captivity of SD rat spleen cells were suppressed significantly after vaccination in comparison with prevaccination (Plt;0.01) and the percentage of peripheral T cell apoptosis was increased significantly after vaccination compared with prevaccination (Plt;0.01); In control group, there was no significant difference between prevaccination and postvaccination about MLR and peripheral T cell apoptosis. ConclusionT cell vaccination is capable of inducing Agspecific immune tolerance, the T cell apoptosis of peripheral blood induced by T cell vaccination may result in the depletion of Agspecific reactive T cells, which is vital in inducing specific immune tolerance.

Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factoralpha Genetransduced Tumor Vaccine in Mice Liver Cancer Implanted Tumors

;ObjectiveUsing human tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNFα) genetransduced human liver cancer cell BEL7404 as tumor vaccine, to study the effect of immune rejection to mice liver cancer implanted tumors. MethodsMice were divided into five groups, and were inoculated with TNFα genetransduced BEL7404 cells which irradiated with 60Co (BEL7404TNFCo group), TNFα genetransduced BEL7404 cells (BEL7404TNF group), BEL7404 cells (BEL7404 group), BEL7404 cell irradiated with 60Co (BEL7404Co group) respectively. Normal saline was injected in control group. Then mice liver cancer H22 cells were implanted to each group, the growth of mice liver cancer implanted tumors was observed. The apoptosis index of implanted tumors was detected by TUNEL method.ResultsCompared to BEL7404 group,BEL7404Co group and control group, the tumor vaccine which did not transduce with TNFα gene and the control group, the tumorigenesis rate of liver cancer implanted tumors was reduced, the growth of implanted tumors was inhibited and the apoptosis of implanted tumors was increased in BEL7404TNFCo group,P＜0.01.There was no difference between BEL7404TNFCo group and BEL7404TNF group,Pgt;0.05. ConclusionHuman tumor necrosis factoralpha genetransduced human liver cancer cell can be used as tumor vaccine, it has quite b effect of immune rejection to mice liver cancer implanted tumors.

Effects of Mass Immunization Campaign on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles

Objective　To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods　Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results　The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion　The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.

Safety Observation of Influenza A H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Vaccinations in 3300 Medical Workers

Objective　To investigate safety of influenza A H1N1 vaccine vaccinations. Methods　A total of 3 300 medical workers were vaccinated by batch of 200909012 influenza A H1N1 vaccine produced by Shanghai Biological Products Corporation Limited according to the principle of voluntary and concentration. The adverse reactions were observed within half an hour, three days and a week after vaccinations, respectively. Results　The inoculators with local or systemic reaction reached 1.18% (39/3 300). There were 0.15% (5/3 300) of the inoculators with adverse reaction within half an hour; 0.70% (23/3 300) within 1 to 3 days after vaccination; and 0.33% (11/3 300) within 3 days to 1 week after vaccination. No severe adverse events were found. Conclusion　Influenza A H1N1 vaccine vaccinations is an economic and effective way of influenza A H1N1 prevention with mild reactions.

Immunogenicity and Safety of Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccine: A Systematic Review

Objective　To evaluate on immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine. Methods　The PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, CDSR, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI and VIP were searched between Jan. 1990 and April 2010. Studies were included in the review if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about measles (M) – mumps (M) – rubella (R) and varicella (V) vaccine. Trial screening, data exaction and quality assessment of the included trials were conducted by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration. Statistical analyses were conducted by using RevMan 4.2.10 software. Results　Five RCTs were included. Among those there were 2 trials of B degree and 3 trials of C degree. Meta-analyses showed that to different inoculation methods, (MMRV or MMR+V) the rate of pain was not significantly different with RR 0.94 and 95%CI 0.83 to 1.05 (P=0.28). The rate of redness was not significantly different with RR 1.08 and 95%CI 0.90 to 1.29 (P=0.40). The rate of hardening was not significantly different with RR 1.16 and 95%CI 0.95 to 1.43 (P=0.14). The rate of fever was significantly different with RR 1.20 and 95%CI 1.12 to 1.29 (Plt;0.000 01). The rate of skin rash was not significantly different with RR 1.18 and 95%CI 1.00 to 1.41 (P=0.05). The serum measles antibody positive rate was not significantly different with RR 1.00 and 95%CI 0.99 to 1.01 (P=0.68). The serum mumps antibody positive rate was not significantly different with RR 0.99 and 95%CI 0.50 to 1.01 (P=0.11). The serum rubella antibody positive rate was not significantly different with RR 1.00 and 95%CI 0.99 to 1.01 (P=0.68). The se-rum varicella antibody positive rate was not significantly different with RR 1.00 and 95%CI 0.99 to 1.01 (P=0.58). Conclusion　Compared with MMR+V vaccine, the MMRV vaccine has the same immune effect. In respect of immune safety, in addition to higher rate of fever after vaccination, other local or systemic reaction is good. For the role of reducing vaccination times and good performance on immune effect and safety, the MMRV vaccine can be regarded as candidate vaccine for children. The fever caused by the new component should be strengthened in the following study. Limited to the quality and account for the current original documents, citing evidence of this systematic review would be cautious. Future studies would expand the sample size, fulfill the test design, increase indicators to improve the quality of research and demonstration intensity.