目的:观察中西医结合综合治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎(SABP)的效果。方法:回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2004年1月至2007年8月收治的85例SABP患者在给予禁食、胃肠减压、补液、预防及治疗感染、维持内环境、营养支持、抑制胃肠和胰液的分泌治疗的基础上给予中药柴芩承气汤经口入或保留灌肠导泻,观察这些患者的治疗效果。结果:85例SABP患者经过中西医结合内科保守治疗后58名痊愈,14例患者症状缓解出院。5例患者死亡,8例患者治疗无效,无效率为15.3%,死亡率为5.9%。结论:中西医结合方法治疗SABP患者可明显提高治疗效果及降低死亡率。
目的总结急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)的治疗经验。方法我院2005年2月至2009年10月期间收治89例ABP患者，梗阻型ABP 29例，其中2例胆总管下端结石梗阻致坏死型胰腺炎患者，24 h内行开腹或腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）、胆总管切开取石、T管引流、胰腺被膜切开减压、胰腺坏死组织清除; 8例肝外胆管结石患者急诊(24～48 h)行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)+内镜下括约肌切开术(EST)+内镜下鼻胆管引流(ENBD); 17例胆囊结石伴胆总管结石及2例胆总管下端占位患者先行内科保守治疗病情得到控制，7 d后行CT、EST或ENBD，择期行LC、胆总管切开取石术、限期内镜胆管内支架放置术或开放根治术。非梗阻型ABP 60例，均为胆囊结石、胆囊炎所致，在入院后3～14 d急性胰腺炎控制后42例行胆囊切除术，18例行保守治疗。结果29例梗阻型ABP在及时或限时行胆道引流解除梗阻后均使胰腺炎得到控制，病情稳定后行手术治疗，均治愈出院; 60例非梗阻型ABP患者中，42例住院行一期胆囊切除术，治愈率达100%，18例保守治疗患者，1个月至1年胰腺炎复发9例，均再次入院，3例保守治疗好转后出院； 6例行胆囊切除术，其中LC 4例，开腹胆囊切除术2例，其中5例治愈，1例出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征抢救无效死亡。结论ABP应根据胆管有无梗阻分型治疗，梗阻型应尽早引流解除胆管梗阻，EST+ENBD能有效解除胆管梗阻控制胰腺炎症； 非梗阻型宜积极保守治疗，病情缓解后手术治疗，能有效降低并发症发生率和病死率。
Objective To study the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and early endoscopic management for acute biliary pancreatitis. Methods Ninety-one patients with acute biliary pancreatitis were divided into ERCP group (46 cases) and control group (45 cases) according to the therapy methods. All patients were given positive conventional treatment, the patients of the ERCP group accepted endoscopic therapy within 48 h after hospitalization. The curative effects of two groups were observed, and the related indexes, such as time of abdominal pain relief, temperature to normal, leukocytes to normal, liver function to normal, average time in hospital, and mortality were compared between two groups. Results Among 46 patients by ERCP diagnosis, there were 27 cases of common duct stone (CDS), 6 cases of cholecystolithiasis, 3 cases of great diverticulum at duodenal papilla side, 4 cases of suppurative cholangitis, 3 cases of stenosis in bile common duct inferior segment and 3 cases of no abnormality. Among 27 cases of CDS, 20 patients had endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), 4 had duodenal papilla artifistulation, 20 had calculus removed by once basket and aerocyst, and 7 patients with suppurative cholangitis and great stone saccepted EST or macadam after stabilization. The cases of great diverticulum at duodenal papilla side and cases of stenosis in bile common duct inferior segment accepted EST, the cases of suppurative cholangitis accepted endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), and all accepted ENBD. The time of abdominal pain relief, temperature to normal, leukocytes to normal, liver function to normal, and the average time in hospital in the ERCP group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (Plt;0.05). The blood amylase to normal time and mortality had no significant differences between two groups (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The early endoscopic management for patients with acute biliary pancreatitis can clear etiology, reduce the time in hospital and be minimally invasive, safe, and effective.
Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of early therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and interventional treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis. Methods Eighty-seven hospitalized patients with acute biliary pancreatitis were divided into endoscopic therapy group and conservative therapy group according to the treatment methods. ERCP examination and treatment were used in the endoscopic therapy group, medical conservative treatments were used in the conservative therapy group. The efficacy such as blood amylase recovery time, abdominal pain relief time, blood white blood cell recovery time, liver function recovery time, hospital stay, and complications were observed. Results Blood amylase recovery time, abdominal pain relief time, blood white blood cell recovery time, liver function recovery time, and hospital stay in the endoscopic therapy group were significantly shorter than those in the conservative therapy group (Plt;0.05). There were no ERCP related severe complications or aggrevated symptoms. Conclusion Early endoscopic therapy is a safe and effective method for acute biliary pancreatitis and can prevent further progression to severe status.
目的 观察内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）的疗效及其并发症。方法 30例ABP患者在抗炎、抑酶等综合治疗基础上，经内镜（1～3 d 内）逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）及经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开（EST）或鼻胆管引流（ENBD）等治疗。结果 内镜治疗后22 例（73.3%）轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎（MABP）患者3～5 d 体温恢复正常； 8例（26.7%） 重症急性胆源性胰腺炎（SABP）患者3～8 d 腹部体征好转，血常规、淀粉酶及血生化1~2周内基本恢复，平均住院18.7 d，3例死亡（10.0%）。内镜治疗过程中5例出现十二指肠乳头括约肌切口少量出血，经简单治疗止血，未再出现其他并发症。与同期开腹手术治疗相比较，症状体征缓解、血常规、淀粉酶、血生化恢复正常及住院的时间更短，死亡率无明显差异。结论 ABP早期ERCP 及内镜治疗安全有效。
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the bacterial spectrum difference of gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile and clinical prognosis of gallstone pancreatitis. MethodsA synchronic bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were carried out on 48 patients with gallstone pancreatitis. ResultsThe cases of positive gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile were 13 (27.1%) and 31 (64.6%) respectively. The cases of double positivity were 12 (25.0%). The cultural strains of gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile were significantly different. Some strains were only found in choledochus bile，whereas in gallbladder mucosa L-form bacteria predominated.ConclusionThe most common causative strain of gallstone pancreatitis is Bacterium coli. The drug-resistant strain emerges maybe due to bacterium immigration and delitescence in gallbladder mucosa. L-form bacteria should be considered when using antibiotics, because L-form bacteria have close relationship with the prognosis of gallstone pancreatitis.
ObjectiveTo summarize new progress in diagnosis and treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis at present.MethodThe related literatures on the acute biliary pancreatitis in recent years were searched and reviewed.ResultsThe acute biliary pancreatitis was a common acute abdomen in the surgery. The biliary stone was the main cause of the disease. The disease was acute, rapid, and has a high mortality rate. It was not difficult to make a diagnosis by relying on the imaging and laboratory tests. The active non-surgical treatment and surgical intervention were the key to a clear diagnosis, but the appropriate surgical timing should be chosen.ConclusionsFor acute biliary pancreatitis, active surgical intervention based on non-surgical treatment is focus of treatment. Reasonable choice of surgical methods and timely surgical intervention can effectively prevent progression of disease, reduce mortality rate, and maximize patients’ benefits.
ObjectiveTo understand advances in the timing and surgical mode selection of gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgical intervention for acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP).MethodThe recent literatures on the timing and choice of gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgical treatments aimed at ABP were reviewed.ResultsFor ABP patients with early cholangitis or biliary obstruction, no matter how serious, endoscopic treatment should be used to relieve obstruction and relieve symptoms. For patients only with ABP, if non-surgical treatment was not effective and patients showed symptoms such as biliary obstruction or biliary tract infection, endoscopic intervention should be considered. Most ABP patients had milder symptoms and could undergo cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization to prevent ABP recurrence after symptoms relief. Patients with severe ABP could be treated with cholecystectomy along with pancreatic necrotic tissue removal, and surgery should be performed after the disease was controlled. If the preoperative imaging examination highly suspected that there were stones in the biliary tract, biliary exploration should be performed at the same time. Laparoscopic surgery should be selected as far as possible to facilitate the postoperative recovery of the patient.ConclusionsFor patients with ABP, whether endoscopic or surgical treatment, the timing and surgical mode selection should follow the specific clinical situation with the “individualization” principle of the treatment. We should make the reasonable and effective policy at diagnosis and treatment according to different conditions.