Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treating insomnia in patients with breast cancer. Methods Such databases as CENTRAL (April 2011), The Cochrane Library (2005 to November 2011), MEDLINE (1948 to April 2011), EMbase (Junuary 1966 to April 2011), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 1982 to April 2011), CBM (1978 to 2011) and CNKI (1979 to 2011) were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about CBT treating insomnia in patients with breast cancer. Literature screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessment of the included studies were conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 5 RCTs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the CBT group was higher in the score of subjective sleep efficiency; however, it was lower in the subjective sleep onset latency. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the sleep efficiency, total sleep time, sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset measured by hypnocinematograph. Conclusion Cognitive behavioral therapy may improve the subjective sleep efficiency and sleep quality, and shorten the sleep onset latency in patients with breast cancer. However, its effect of improving objective sleep quality is still unverifiable at present. It suggests the following measures should be taken for providing better evidences: increasing sample size, adopting blind methods, confirming allocation concealment, and using unified hypnocinematograph.
ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the expression of sialyl Lewisx (SLeX) antigen and CD44v6 products and biological behaviors in cholangiocarcinomas. MethodsThe expression of SLeX and CD44v6 in 43 cases of cholangiocarcinoma tissue was respectively investigated by catalyzed signal amplification immunohistochemical technique.The relationship between expression of SLeX and CD44v6 and the clinicopathological factors of cholangiocarcinoma was analyzed.ResultsThe positive expression rate of SLeX and CD44v6 in cholangiocarcinoma was 67.4% and 62.8% respectively,which was significantly higher than that in control group (20.0%,P＜0.05).The high level expression of SLeX and CD44v6 were correlated with the TNM phase, differentiation degree,metastasis to lymph nodes and viscera in cholangiocarcinoma (P＜0.05). Moreover,there was a positive correlation between the SLeX and CD44v6 expression in cholangiocarcinoma (r=0.49,P＜0.001).Conclusion Expression of SLeX and CD44v6 could be helpful in predicting the biological behavior and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)was measured with ABC immunohistochemistry method in fourty-one gastric cancer tissues and sixty-six tissue from normal stomach and gastric benign lesions. The study revealed that the reactive signals in the former were ber than those in the latter. Simultaneously, CEA localized mainly in the cytoplasm or stroma in the cancerous tissue, but in normal gastric tissue or benign gastric lession, CEA distributed mainly in the margin of gland with gastric depression or membranous type. The result also revealed that the distribution patterns of ECA were linked with the cell growth types and infiltrating of gastric cancer. The authors consider that the expression state of CEA in gastric cancer is correlated with its biological behavior, and distribution patterns of CEA are more clinically significant than reactive intensities in the tissue. Patients have different prognosis with different CEA distribution patterns in tissue though their pathological types and TNM stages are the same.
Objective As a bioactive material, the osteogenic activity of borate bioglass has been proved. To design a novel borate bioglass according to an improved formula and to investigate the effects of the borate bioglass on osteoblasts invitro for further research and potential cl inical appl ication. Methods The novel Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-P2O5-B2O3-SrO borate bioglass was prepared by melting process. The initial and secondary extracts were prepared according to ISO10993-12: 2007 respectively with different extract time of 0-24 hours and 24-48 hours. The osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) of the 5th-15th passages from mouse were cocultured with the initial (initial extract group) and secondary (secondary extract group) extracts, respectively, to assess the effects of the borate bioglass on the cell prol iferation, protein synthesis, alkal ine phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell apoptosis, and cell migration; while α-MEM medium without addition of extract served as control group. Results The absorbance values at 450 nm were 0.356 0 ± 0.018 7, 0.331 0 ± 0.025 4, and 0.204 0 ± 0.013 8 in initial extract, secondary extract, and control groups, respectively, showing significant differences among 3 groups (P lt; 0.05). The total protein contents were (382.847 ± 9.521), (226.071 ± 5.847), and (220.248 ± 8.213) U in initial extract, secondary extract, and control groups, respectively; there were significant differences between initial extract group and control group, and between initial extract group and secondary group (P lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between secondary extract group and control group (P gt; 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the ALP activity [(0.013 01 ± 0.000 39), (0.012 93 ± 0.000 44), and (0.012 92 ± 0.000 35) U/ mg], apoptosis rate (7.03% ± 1.95%, 6.46% ± 2.88%, and 6.18% ± 2.21%), horizontal migration [(137.50 ± 11.43), (134.98 ± 10.50), (135.21 ± 8.66) μm], and transmembrane cell number [(10.92 ± 4.99), (10.07 ± 2.50), and (9.81 ± 2.64) cells/ field] among initial extract, secondary extract, and control groups (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion This novel borate bioglass has excellent cytocompatibil ity, which plays regulatory effects on the cell prol iferation, secretion, and migration.
Objective To study the biological behavior of osteoblast and vascular endothelial cell culture. Methods The osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells were obtained from calvarial bone and renal cortox of 2-week rabbits respectively. The experiment were divided into group A (osteoblasts), group B (vascular endothelial cells) and group C(co-cultured osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells). The cells were identified with cytoimmunochemical staining. The cellular biological behavior and compatibilitywere observed under inverted phase contrast microscope and with histological staining. The cells viability and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity were measured. Results The cytoimmunochemical staining showed that the cultured cells were osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells .The cellular compatibility of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells was good. The ALP activity was higher in group C than in group A and group B(P＜0.01), and it was higher in group A than in group B(P＜0.05). In group C, the cellproliferation were increased slowly early, but fast later. Conclusion Thecellular compatibility of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells were good. The vascular endothelial cells can significantly increased the osteoblast viability and ALP activity,and the combined cultured cells have greater proliferation ability.
Objective To learn the impact of health education on schistosomiasis among high school students in Wanzhou area of Three Gorges Reservoir, and to evaluate its effects. Methods The stratified multi-level cluster randomized sampling was used to survey 566 high school students in Wanzhou and Yunyang areas, and the questionnaire was used to investigate their recognition of schistosomiasis. Results After one-year health education on schistosomiasis, the passing rate of the knowledge about schistosomiasis prevention among high school students in demonstration area raised from 9.43% to 98.87% (χ2=463.46, P=0.000), which was higher than that of the inside and outside control areas (χ2=312.92, P=0.000); the passing rate of the attitude and belief of schistosomiasis prevention were 98.12%, which was higher than that of the inside and outside control areas (χ2=109.49, P=0.000); 56.02% of high school students in demonstration area had no susceptible behavior of schistosomiasis, which was higher than that of the inside and outside control areas (χ2=237.53, P=0.000). Conclusion Health education on schistosomiasis can efficiently improve the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention among high school students, and has important meanings for controlling potential epidemics and spread of schistosomiasis in Wanzhou area of Three Gorges Reservoir.
Objective To understand the sexual behavior statu of married migrant workers in Chongqing, so as to provide the government with foundation for formulating related social strategies. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was applied to select respondents, and the face-to-face interview was performed to investigate by trained investigators. The date was analyzed by using SAS9.0 software. Results A total of 377 married migrant workers were investigated. Among them, 226 (59.95%) lived with their spouses, of whom 13.72% had extramarital sexual behaviors, with 48.39% commercial sexual behaviors; the other 151 (40.05%) didn’t live with their spouses, of whom 49.25% had no normal sexual life for at least three months and 28.48% had extramarital sexual behaviors, with 60.47% commercial sexual behaviors. 66.41% of male migrant workers and 46.28% of female migrant workers had sexual depression, and different genders between the migrant workers were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). Conclusion There is sexual depression among married migrant workers. The related measures should be taken according to the status of their sexual behaviors, so as to improve their status of sexual depression.
Objective To assess the effectiveness of psychological intervention on post-stoke depression. Methods Such databases as the JBI Database of Systematic Review (1980 to June, 2010), The Cochrane Library (1980 to June, 2010), PubMed (1966 to 2010), CINAHL(1982 to May, 2000), CBM (1978 to 2010), and CNKI (1979 to 2010) were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In accordance with the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the quality of included studies was evaluated, and then meta-analyses were performed by using RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 33 RCTs were included. The results of meta-analyses showed: (1) Compared with the control group, the short-term effect of psychological intervention was more effective in decreasing depression score. The subgroup analysis showed that the intervention effects at the time of four weeks, six weeks, eight weeks, and 12 weeks were better than those of the control group. (2) The long-term effect of psychological intervention was more effective in decreasing depression score. The subgroup analyses showed that the intervention effects at the interval of eight weeks, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks were better than those of the control group. (3) The combined or single application of either cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy or supportive psychotherapy was more effective in decreasing depression score than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the general psychological treatment group and the control group. (4) The subgroup analyses showed that the different qualities of the included studies were more effective than those of the control group. Conclusion Various psychological intervention is effective in decreasing the patient’s depression score, and cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive psychotherapy, especially, can significantly improve the depression state and promote recovery.
Objective To study the distribution of HIV/AIDS high-risk population, HIV infection and the main risk factors for developing HIV/AIDS’ controllable measures and exploring appropriate health education and behavior intervention models. Methods A total of 360 commercial sex workers (CSW) joined together through convenience sampling and 360 drug users (DU) joined together through convenience sampling or snow-balling sampling whose relevant behavior factors were investigated by questionnaires. Results The general rate of knowing knowledge about AIDS was 75.2% among 360 CSW, 67.8% CSW used condom in commercial sex activities; none of 149 CSW blood samples was detected HIV or syphilis antibody positive. The general rate of knowing knowledge about AIDS was 83.7% among 360 DU who injected drugs last month, the rate of sharing needles was 47.6% and the low rate of condom used; 1 HIV antibody and 5 syphilis antibodies positive were found among 198 DU blood samples, so HIV and syphilis infection rate were 0.51%and 2.53%, respectively. Conclusion The rate of HIV infection is a very low level and there are many risk factors among CSW and DU. A good job should be done to integrate AIDS health education with behavioral intervention and the monitoring system for the AIDS/HIV high-risk population should be improved.
Objective To evaluate the effect of nursing interventions on the medical behavior of diabetic patients. Methods We searched CMB (1978 to September 2007), CNKI (1994 to September 2007), VIP (1989 to September 2007) and Papers on Academic Conference of China (1989 to September 2007), and hand-searched relevant journals. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of nursing interventions plus routine therapy versus simple routine therapy for diabetic patients. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed and data was extracted and analyzed by using The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.10 software. Results In total, 10 RCTs and 2 quasi-RCTs were included. Two of these studies described blinding. The quality of the included trials was low. Meta-analyses showed that nursing interventions significantly improved medication compliance (RR 1.33, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.45), medical behaviors of physical therapy (RR 1.48, 95%CI 1.30 to 1.69), diet control (RR 1.54, 95%CI 1.39 to 1.71), blood glucose monitoring (RR 1.56, 95%CI 1.41 to 1.72) and regular inspection (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.41 to 1.96) in patients with diabetes. Conclusion Nursing interventions can improve the medical behavior of diabetic patients, increase patient-controlled capacity and enhance awareness of diabetes. It is also beneficial for blood glucose control and stability.