High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern, exists ubiquitously in the cells of mammals. It contributes to maintaining the structure of nucleosome and modulating transcription of gene in nuclei. Extracellular HMGB1 plays two-way roles in promoting inflammatory and tissue repair. Released actively as well as passively following cytokine stimulation during cell death, HMGB1 may act as a late inflammatory factor and an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern recognized by its receptors. And it may mediate the occurrence, development and outcome of the inflammatory injury of digestive system diseases, such as gastric mucosal injury, inflammatory bowel-disease, liver injury, pancreatitis, and so on. This review mainly concerns the research progresses of HMGB1 in the inflammatory injury of digestive system diseases. At the same time, HMGB1 itself, or as a therapeutic target, can promote tissue repair.
Objective To understand the current situation of dietary organophosphate esters (OPEs) exposure, its effect on human health and its role in the occurrence and development of digestive system disease. Method We searched, analyzed and summarized the relevant literatures on the exposure of OPEs in diet and its effects on digestive system health. Results OPEs had long-term, extensive, and continuous exposure in diet. Although the exposure levels of different OPEs were different in time and space, its impact on digestive system health could not be ignored. OPEs might play a potential role in digestive system injury and tumorigenesis through the activation of inflammation related pathways and the expression change of cancer-related gene. Conclusions OPEs exposure may be a potential risk factor for digestive system injury and tumor. Further exploration of its pathogenic mechanism is of great significance to the screening of high risk factors, disease prevention, and health care.
Objective By summarizing the latest research progress of circRNA translation mechanism and reviewing the research progress of circRNA translation in various digestive system tumors, this paper is aiming to forecast the clinical application prospect of circular RNA translation and provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms. Method The literatures on the translation of circRNA and its role in digestive system neoplasms were searched and reviewed. Results As a member of the non-coding RNA family, circRNAs are generally considered to be difficult to encode proteins as translation templates. With the rapid development of bioinformatics, next-generation sequencing, proteomics and translation omics, it has been found that many kinds of circRNAs can encode proteins or peptides in a cap-independent manner and play a critical role in the development of digestive system neoplasms, including gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusions The translation function of circRNA plays an important role in the development and progression of digestive system tumors, and its translation products may become new diagnostic or therapeutic targets for digestive system tumors, with great clinical transformation potential.