PURPOSE:To investigale the influence of orally administered aldose reduetace inhibitor(ARI) and myo-inositol (MI)for contents of gluecose,sorbitol and myo-inositol in experimental diabetic retinal tissue in rat. METHODS :The STZ-induced diabetic rats were administered ARI or MI by oral. The glucose sorbitol and myo-inositol in retinal tissues were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography after experimental period of 6 montbs. RESULTS:It was found that the contents of glucose and sorhitol were increased and myo inosltol was decreased in diabetic group. In diabetes with ARI group.the content of sorbitol was increased although the glucose was in high level. In diabetes wilb MI group,the sorbitol accumulaled and coment of myo-inositol was close to the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS:The ARI can effectively obstruct sorbitol accumulation in retina. MI increase myo-inositol level but fail to reduce sorbitol contenl of retina. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 75-77 ）
Objective To summarize and analysis the working experience of healthcare performance evaluation and reporting experience in local health administration department of Australia, and provide decision support to China on such work as establishing objective, scientific, effective healthcare performance evaluation system, strengthening government’s supervision over health service and improving healthcare system management efficiency. Methods Searching official networks and databases of Australia, and finding out relevant policy, reports, and documents on healthcare performance evaluation. Results Typical healthcare performance evaluation systems in Australian are as follos: National Health Performance Framework (NHPF), the National Healthcare Agreement（NHA）and Review of Government Service Provision. Conclusions These programs in Australian is enlightening to these work in China that performance evaluation should be the prior tool in health system to management and reform, the performance measurement indicators systems should emphasize the quality safety and health fair.We should set up scientific and flexible index inclusion criteria and open report and compare performance information.
Objective To suggest the establishment a publication plan for emergency situations in order to better manage and control information to the outside environment based on the experience of front-line hospital of grade III level A in Deyang during the response to the Wenchuan earthquake. Method We systematically collected statistical information published in the forms of news, columns, newspapers, periodicals, statistics, brief massage sent out by China Telecom ans China Mobile and banners in various media (CCTV, Sichuan TV, and inside hospital etc.) after Wenchuan earthquake.Result Within 40 days after the Wenchuan Earthquake, the People’s Hospital of Deyang City had reported rescue information for 181 times, sent 1 600 000 phone messages to the public, issued 7 476 pieces of family-search information, distributed 1 486 earthquake first-aid brochures, distributed 1 750 psychological brochures, compiled 12 periodicals called “Special Report for Earthquake Relief Effort”, and finished 3 periodicals called “Special Issue for Earthquake Relief Effort”; issued 319 articles, over 200pictures and videos on websites inside and outside of the hospital; issued over 60 pieces of news and 7 special topic documentaries in CCTV etc.; and issued over 70 pieces of news on People’s Daily. Conclusion During the Wenchuan earthquake, the People’s Hospital of Deyang City shows the rescue work to the public via effective publication mechanisms. News and information is transmitted fast and effectively between people from both upper and lower levels. However, there are weaknesses in working mechanisms and methods, which requires further study and consideration.
Objective To determine the best threshold value of hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) for diagnosis of β-thalassemia (β-thal) carriers by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to improve the application value of HbA2 as a diagnostic index for β-thal carriers to reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods Using reverse dot blot (RDB) as a gold standard method, HbA2 results of 1 007 β-thal carriers and 606 normal controls in the past two years determined by HPLC were divided into true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative based on the different threshold values of HbA2 results. Then, the evaluation indexes such as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and Youden’s index were evaluated. Next, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine the best threshold value of HbA2 for diagnosis of β-thal carriers by HPLC. Results If ≥4.0% was taken as the threshold value of HbA2 for diagnosis of β-thal carriers by HPLC, the evaluation indexes values were shown as follows: sensitivity 99.21%, specificity 99.34%, positive likelihood ratio 150.30, negative likelihood ratio 0.008, and Youden’s index 0.99. The Youden’s index was better than the other threshold values, and the corresponding tangent point was the peak point of the ROC curve. Conclusion When ≥4.0% serves as the best threshold value of HbA2 for diagnosis of β-thal carriers using HPLC, integrated evaluation performance of the corresponding sensitivity and specificity is the most ideal, and the authenticity of the diagnostic test is the best.
Objective To understand the current situation of Chengdu primary health workers’ performance baseline, and to provide decision-making proof and policy recommendations for Chengdu Coordinated and Balanced Urban-rural Development as well as improve primary health workers’ performance in China. Method See the second study in this series. Result The number of the patients of the Chengdu seven Rural Hospitals / Centers showed a trend of slow increase, and all was higher than the national rural hospital average level except the 2 most remote rural hospitals(“Renhe” and “Bailu”). The seven Rural Hospitals / Centers could provide data about the “Six in One” work, and the performance was generally better than that of the world and the national average level , but showed a decreasing trend from the first circle to the third circle in Chengdu. The rate of patients’ satisfaction and very satisfaction for the Rural Hospitals / Centers “Six in One” work reached 65%-80%, but the rate of health workers’ job satisfaction and very satisfaction only reached 9%-46%, and also showed a decreasing trend from the first circle to the third circle. Conclusion The Chengdu primary health workers provide “Six in One” health service with a higher quality than the world and the national average levels. However, the number of the workers is less than enough; the human managerial structure is irrational; the educational and professional levels are low; their treatment and the work environment are poor. The distribution density , the academic qualification and the structure rationality of professional ranks of health personnel show a decreasing trend, and the difficulty of the service is gradually increasing from the first circle to the third circle, which causes the satisfaction rate of the workers’ job to decrease gradually from the first circle to the third circle. Suggestion: ① To make special performance assessment standard for special health institutions or personnel, and to give the continual oriented training chance for current health personnel. ② To integrate the regional health resources; to establish long-term and stable regional bilateral appointment help policy, technical and rational two-way referral system and indicator systems. ③ To take measures to solve the problems affecting the professional promotion and improvement of the grass-root health personnel.
Objective To study the distribution and concentration of meropenem in rabbit bile. Methods The rabbits were cannulated with a silicone tube in the common bile duct and the blank bile was collected. The rabbits were then administered intravenously with meropenem. Multiple bile samples (1.5 ml) were collected at different phases after the administrations. According to requirement of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the specificity test was undertook. The blank bile was then mixed with meropenem and mobile phase, respectively, in order to obtain a series of bile samples at different concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 500 μg/ml. The samples were analyzed with HPLC and the chromatographic peak area of meropenem contents were quantitated through external reference method. The linear regression equation was used to analyzed the relationship between the drug concentrations and the chromatographic peak areas. The bile samples that were collected after drug administrations were pretreated and the chromatographic peak areas were assayed by the liquid chromatograph. The bile concentrations were then calculated according to the regression equation, and the concentration-time distribution of meropenem in the bile was obtained ultimately. Results The specificity test indicated the bile dopant peak and the meropenem chromatographic peak were well-separated under chromatographic condition of the mobile phase. The standard curve regression equation was S=2 209.10C-1 251.34, r=0.999 9, and minimum quantitation limit of meropenem was 0.5 μg/ml. After a single i.v. administration of 75 mg/kg of meropenem in each rabbit, drug concentrations reached (38.36±14.17) μg/ml immediately in bile， which significantly exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) for most gram negatives, which range from 0.031 to 2 μg/ml. The bile concentration of meropenem decreased quickly over time, and meropenem was eliminated completely in rabbit bile 3 hours after intravenous injection. Conclusion Meropenem could achieve adequate bile concentration for the treatment of biliary tract infection due to susceptible bacteria. However, because of its rapid biliary elimination, meropenem should be used in shorter interval time.
ObjectiveTo study the effects of different penetration enhancers on the transdermal penetration of Miao medicine named Diploclisia affinis. MethodsImproved Franz diffusion cell was adopted as the apparatus for in vitro mouse' skin permeation. The kinetic parameters of percutaneous absorption, such as penetration rate, enhancing rate (ER), and lag time (Tlag) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Azone, oleic acid (OA) and borneol were investigated for percutaneous absorption effects. ResultsThe penetration rates of the medicine with 3% azone, OA and borneol added were respectively (214.1872±13.5690), (227.5544±9.8490), and (168.1187±21.5640) μg/(cm2·h), and the ER was 1.61, 1.71, and 1.26 compared with the penetration rate of that with nothing added. The Tlag was 2.1081, 1.8256, and 2.9655 hours. ConclusionAll the penetration enhancers can increase significantly the absorption of Miao medicine named Diploclisia affinis, especially 3% OA is the best, but 3% borneol may make the Tlag longer.
ObjectiveTo determinate the concentration of isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH) in the hydrothorax and thereby increase the drug concentration of the hydrothorax to enhance the anti-tuberculosis efficacy through experiments. MethodsBetween February and June 2009, we used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determinate the concentration of INH in the hydrothorax of tuberculosis (TB) patients. The separation of sample was performed on Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm×2.5 mm) column with a fixed sample injection volume of 20 μL. The mobile phase was methanol-water (20︰80) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The ultraviolet detective wavelength was set at 254 nm; The column temperature was room temperature. ResultsIn the range of 0.25-10.00 μg/mL (r=0.998 9), moxi-floxacin showed a good linear relation in HPLC. The recoveries of moxi-floxacin at three concentrations (0.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/mL) were 97.95%, 100.64%, and 102.84%, respectively, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) at 3.49%, 1.45%, and 2.03%, respectively and intra-day RSD at 3.85%, 5.68%, 4.15%, respectively. ConclusionThe measuring method adopted in the experiment can accurately determinate the concentration of INH in the hydrothorax with high sensitivity and exceptional reproducibility.
ObjectiveTo establish a method for content determination of ferulic acid in Piwang massage lotion. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography was used. The analysis was carried on Diamonsil C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm, Dimma Science and Technology Co. Ltd.) column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-2% acetic acid (32︰68). The column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was 320 nm. ResultsThe responses of ferulic acid liner in range of 4.55-91.00 μg/mL (R2=0.999 9). The average recovery of ferulic acid was 98.78% (relative standard deviation is 2.668%). ConclusionThe method is simple, rapid and good repeatability. It can be used for quality control of Piwang massage lotion